django.utils.encoding smart_str Example Code

smart_str is a callable within the django.utils.encoding module of the Django project.

Example 1 from django-cms

django-cms (project website) is a Python-based content management system (CMS) library for use with Django web apps that is open sourced under the BSD 3-Clause "New" license.

django-cms / cms / plugin_base.py

# plugin_base.py
import json
import re

from django.shortcuts import render as render_to_response

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.exceptions import (
    ImproperlyConfigured,
    ObjectDoesNotExist,
    ValidationError,
)
from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_str
from django.utils.html import escapejs
from django.utils.translation import ugettext, ugettext_lazy as _

from six import with_metaclass, python_2_unicode_compatible

from cms import operations
from cms.exceptions import SubClassNeededError
from cms.models import CMSPlugin
from cms.toolbar.utils import get_plugin_tree_as_json, get_plugin_toolbar_info
from cms.utils.conf import get_cms_setting


class CMSPluginBaseMetaclass(forms.MediaDefiningClass):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        super_new = super(CMSPluginBaseMetaclass, cls).__new__
        parents = [base for base in bases if isinstance(base, CMSPluginBaseMetaclass)]
        if not parents:
            return super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        new_plugin = super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        if not issubclass(new_plugin.model, CMSPlugin):
            raise SubClassNeededError(
                "The 'model' attribute on CMSPluginBase subclasses must be "
                "either CMSPlugin or a subclass of CMSPlugin. %r on %r is not."
                % (new_plugin.model, new_plugin)


## ... source file abbreviated to get to smart_str examples ...


    def get_parent_classes(cls, slot, page, instance=None):
        from cms.utils.placeholder import get_placeholder_conf

        template = page.get_template() if page else None

        ph_conf = get_placeholder_conf('parent_classes', slot, template, default={})
        parent_classes = ph_conf.get(cls.__name__, cls.parent_classes)
        return parent_classes

    def get_plugin_urls(self):
        return []

    def plugin_urls(self):
        return self.get_plugin_urls()
    plugin_urls = property(plugin_urls)

    @classmethod
    def get_extra_placeholder_menu_items(self, request, placeholder):
        pass

    @classmethod
    def get_extra_plugin_menu_items(cls, request, plugin):
        pass

    def __repr__(self):
        return smart_str(self.name)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class PluginMenuItem(object):

    def __init__(self, name, url, data=None, question=None, action='ajax', attributes=None):
        if not attributes:
            attributes = {}

        if data:
            data = json.dumps(data)

        self.name = name
        self.url = url
        self.data = data
        self.question = question
        self.action = action
        self.attributes = attributes



## ... source file continues with no further smart_str examples...

Example 2 from django-extensions

django-extensions (project documentation and PyPI page) is a Django project that adds a bunch of additional useful commands to the manage.py interface. This GoDjango video provides a quick overview of what you get when you install it into your Python environment.

The django-extensions project is open sourced under the MIT license.

django-extensions / django_extensions / admin / init.py

# __init__.py
import six
import operator
from functools import update_wrapper
from six.moves import reduce
from typing import Tuple, Dict, Callable  # NOQA

from django.apps import apps
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.utils.text import get_text_list
from django.contrib import admin

from django_extensions.admin.widgets import ForeignKeySearchInput


class ForeignKeyAutocompleteAdminMixin:

    related_search_fields = {}  # type: Dict[str, Tuple[str]]
    related_string_functions = {}  # type: Dict[str, Callable]
    autocomplete_limit = getattr(settings, 'FOREIGNKEY_AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMIT', None)

    def get_urls(self):
        from django.urls import path

        def wrap(view):
            def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
                return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
            return update_wrapper(wrapper, view)

        return [
            path('foreignkey_autocomplete/', wrap(self.foreignkey_autocomplete),
                name='%s_%s_autocomplete' % (self.model._meta.app_label, self.model._meta.model_name))


## ... source file abbreviated to get to smart_str examples ...


        search_fields = request.GET.get('search_fields', None)
        object_pk = request.GET.get('object_pk', None)

        try:
            to_string_function = self.related_string_functions[model_name]
        except KeyError:
            to_string_function = lambda x: x.__str__()

        if search_fields and app_label and model_name and (query or object_pk):
            def construct_search(field_name):
                if field_name.startswith('^'):
                    return "%s__istartswith" % field_name[1:]
                elif field_name.startswith('='):
                    return "%s__iexact" % field_name[1:]
                elif field_name.startswith('@'):
                    return "%s__search" % field_name[1:]
                else:
                    return "%s__icontains" % field_name

            model = apps.get_model(app_label, model_name)

            queryset = model._default_manager.all()
            data = ''
            if query:
                for bit in query.split():
                    or_queries = [models.Q(**{construct_search(smart_str(field_name)): smart_str(bit)}) for field_name in search_fields.split(',')]
                    other_qs = QuerySet(model)
                    other_qs.query.select_related = queryset.query.select_related
                    other_qs = other_qs.filter(reduce(operator.or_, or_queries))
                    queryset = queryset & other_qs

                additional_filter = self.get_related_filter(model, request)
                if additional_filter:
                    queryset = queryset.filter(additional_filter)

                if self.autocomplete_limit:
                    queryset = queryset[:self.autocomplete_limit]

                data = ''.join([six.u('%s|%s\n') % (to_string_function(f), f.pk) for f in queryset])
            elif object_pk:
                try:
                    obj = queryset.get(pk=object_pk)
                except Exception:  # FIXME: use stricter exception checking
                    pass
                else:
                    data = to_string_function(obj)
            return HttpResponse(data, content_type='text/plain')
        return HttpResponseNotFound()

    def get_related_filter(self, model, request):


## ... source file continues with no further smart_str examples...

Example 3 from django-rest-framework

Django REST Framework (project homepage and documentation, PyPI package information and more resources on Full Stack Python), often abbreviated as "DRF", is a popular Django extension for building web APIs. The project has fantastic documentation and a wonderful quickstart that serve as examples of how to make it easier for newcomers to get started.

The project is open sourced under the Encode OSS Ltd. license.

django-rest-framework / rest_framework / fields.py

# fields.py
import datetime
import decimal
import functools
import inspect
import re
import uuid
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict
from collections.abc import Mapping

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError as DjangoValidationError
from django.core.validators import (
    EmailValidator, MaxLengthValidator, MaxValueValidator, MinLengthValidator,
    MinValueValidator, ProhibitNullCharactersValidator, RegexValidator,
    URLValidator, ip_address_validators
)
from django.forms import FilePathField as DjangoFilePathField
from django.forms import ImageField as DjangoImageField
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.dateparse import (
    parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time
)
from django.utils.duration import duration_string
from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type, smart_str
from django.utils.formats import localize_input, sanitize_separators
from django.utils.ipv6 import clean_ipv6_address
from django.utils.timezone import utc
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from pytz.exceptions import InvalidTimeError

from rest_framework import (
    ISO_8601, RemovedInDRF313Warning, RemovedInDRF314Warning
)
from rest_framework.exceptions import ErrorDetail, ValidationError
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
from rest_framework.utils import html, humanize_datetime, json, representation
from rest_framework.utils.formatting import lazy_format
from rest_framework.validators import ProhibitSurrogateCharactersValidator


class empty:
    pass


class BuiltinSignatureError(Exception):
    pass




## ... source file abbreviated to get to smart_str examples ...



        if self.max_digits is not None and self.decimal_places is not None:
            self.max_whole_digits = self.max_digits - self.decimal_places
        else:
            self.max_whole_digits = None

        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        if self.max_value is not None:
            message = lazy_format(self.error_messages['max_value'], max_value=self.max_value)
            self.validators.append(
                MaxValueValidator(self.max_value, message=message))
        if self.min_value is not None:
            message = lazy_format(self.error_messages['min_value'], min_value=self.min_value)
            self.validators.append(
                MinValueValidator(self.min_value, message=message))

        if rounding is not None:
            valid_roundings = [v for k, v in vars(decimal).items() if k.startswith('ROUND_')]
            assert rounding in valid_roundings, (
                'Invalid rounding option %s. Valid values for rounding are: %s' % (rounding, valid_roundings))
        self.rounding = rounding

    def to_internal_value(self, data):

        data = smart_str(data).strip()

        if self.localize:
            data = sanitize_separators(data)

        if len(data) > self.MAX_STRING_LENGTH:
            self.fail('max_string_length')

        try:
            value = decimal.Decimal(data)
        except decimal.DecimalException:
            self.fail('invalid')

        if value.is_nan():
            self.fail('invalid')

        if value in (decimal.Decimal('Inf'), decimal.Decimal('-Inf')):
            self.fail('invalid')

        return self.quantize(self.validate_precision(value))

    def validate_precision(self, value):
        sign, digittuple, exponent = value.as_tuple()

        if exponent >= 0:


## ... source file continues with no further smart_str examples...
1. Introduction 2. Development Environments 3. Data 4. Web Development 5. Deployment 6. DevOps Changelog What Full Stack Means About the Author Future Directions Page Statuses Django ExtensionsDjango Example Codedjango.apps.config AppConfigdjango.conf settingsdjango.conf.urls.urldjango.contrib.admindjango.contrib.admin.filters SimpleListFilterdjango.contrib.admin.sites registerdjango.contrib.admin helpersdjango.contrib.admin.helpers ActionFormdjango.contrib.admin.helpers AdminFormdjango.contrib.admin.options IS_POPUP_VARdjango.contrib.admin.options IncorrectLookupParametersdjango.contrib.admin.options ModelAdmindjango.contrib.admin.options csrf_protect_mdjango.contrib.admin.sites NotRegistereddjango.contrib.admin.sites sitedjango.contrib.staticfiles findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseStorageFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders finddjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders get_findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles.handlers StaticFilesHandlerdjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage CachedStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage HashedFilesMixindjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage ManifestStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage StaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage staticfiles_storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.utils matches_patternsdjango.core cachedjango.core checksdjango.core exceptionsdjango.core maildjango.core managementdjango.core serializersdjango.core signalsdjango.core signingdjango.core validatorsdjango.core.exceptions DisallowedRedirectdjango.core.exceptions FieldDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions FieldErrordjango.core.exceptions MiddlewareNotUseddjango.core.exceptions NON_FIELD_ERRORSdjango.core.exceptions ObjectDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions PermissionDenieddjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousFileOperationdjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousMultipartFormdjango.core.exceptions ValidationErrordjango.db DEFAULT_DB_ALIASdjango.db DataErrordjango.db DatabaseErrordjango.db IntegrityErrordjango.db ProgrammingErrordjango.db connectiondjango.db connectionsdjango.db migrationsdjango.db modelsdjango.db routerdjango.db transactiondjango.db.backends utilsdjango.db.migrations RunPythondjango.db.migrations.autodetector MigrationAutodetectordjango.db.migrations.exceptions IrreversibleErrordjango.db.migrations.executor MigrationExecutordjango.db.migrations.loader MIGRATIONS_MODULE_NAMEdjango.db.migrations.loader MigrationLoaderdjango.db.migrations.operations.base Operationdjango.db.migrations.state ProjectStatedjango.db.models.query BaseIterabledjango.db.models.query EmptyQuerySetdjango.db.models.query ModelIterabledjango.db.models.query Prefetchdjango.db.models.query Qdjango.db.models.query QuerySetdjango.db.models.query prefetch_related_objectsdjango.db.models.query_utils DeferredAttributedjango.db.models.query_utils PathInfodjango.db.models.query_utils Qdjango.db.models.signals post_deletedjango.db.models.signals post_savedjango.db.models.signals pre_deletedjango.db.models.signals pre_savedjango.forms BaseFormdjango.forms CheckboxInputdjango.forms CheckboxSelectMultipledjango.forms DateInputdjango.forms Fielddjango.forms FileInputdjango.forms FilePathFielddjango.forms Formdjango.forms HiddenInputdjango.forms ImageFielddjango.forms Mediadjango.forms MediaDefiningClassdjango.forms ModelChoiceFielddjango.forms ModelFormdjango.forms ModelMultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms MultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms Selectdjango.forms SelectMultipledjango.forms ValidationErrordjango.shortcuts get_list_or_404django.shortcuts get_object_or_404django.shortcuts redirectdjango.shortcuts renderdjango.shortcuts resolve_urldjango.template Contextdjango.template.base Contextdjango.template loaderdjango.template.base FilterExpressiondjango.template.base Nodedjango.template.base NodeListdjango.template.base Parserdjango.template.base Templatedjango.template.base TemplateSyntaxErrordjango.template.base TextNodedjango.template.base Tokendjango.template.base TokenTypedjango.template.base VariableDoesNotExistdjango.template.base VariableNodedjango.template.base token_kwargsdjango.template.context Contextdjango.template.defaultfilters escapedjango.template.defaultfilters filesizeformatdjango.template.defaultfilters safedjango.template.defaultfilters slugifydjango.template.defaultfilters striptagsdjango.template.defaultfilters titledjango.template.defaultfilters truncatecharsdjango.template.loader get_templatedjango.template.loader render_to_stringdjango.template.loader select_templatedjango.template.loader_tags BlockNodedjango.template.loader_tags ExtendsNodedjango.template.loader_tags IncludeNodedjango.template.loaders.filesystem Loaderdjango.urls URLPatterndjango.urls URLResolverdjango.urls clear_url_cachesdjango.urls get_callabledjango.urls get_resolverdjango.urls get_script_prefixdjango.urls includedjango.urls re_pathdjango.urls register_converterdjango.urls resolvedjango.urls reversedjango.utils dateformatdjango.utils dateparsedjango.utils datetime_safedjango.utils formatsdjango.utils module_loadingdjango.utils termcolorsdjango.utils translationdjango.utils treedjango.utils.cache add_never_cache_headersdjango.utils.cache cc_delim_redjango.utils.cache patch_cache_controldjango.utils.cache patch_response_headersdjango.utils.cache patch_vary_headersdjango.utils.crypto constant_time_comparedjango.utils.crypto get_random_stringdjango.utils.datastructures MultiValueDictdjango.utils.dateparse parse_datetimedjango.utils.dateparse parse_durationdjango.utils.dates MONTHSdjango.utils.datetime_safe datetimedjango.utils.decorators method_decoratordjango.utils.deprecation MiddlewareMixindjango.utils.deprecation RenameMethodsBasedjango.utils.duration duration_stringdjango.utils.encoding DjangoUnicodeDecodeErrordjango.utils.encoding filepath_to_uridjango.utils.encoding force_bytesdjango.utils.encoding force_strdjango.utils.encoding force_textdjango.utils.encoding iri_to_uridjango.utils.encoding is_protected_typedjango.utils.encoding smart_bytesdjango.utils.encoding smart_strdjango.utils.encoding smart_textdjango.utils.encoding uri_to_iridjango.utils.formats get_formatdjango.utils.formats localize_inputdjango.utils.formats sanitize_separatorsdjango.utils.functional LazyObjectdjango.utils.functional Promisedjango.utils.functional SimpleLazyObjectdjango.utils.functional keep_lazydjango.utils.functional lazydjango.utils.functional total_orderingdjango.utils.functional wrapsdjango.utils.html conditional_escapedjango.utils.html escapedjango.utils.html escapejsdjango.utils.html format_html_joindjango.utils.html mark_safedjango.utils.html smart_urlquotedjango.utils.html strip_tagsdjango.utils.http base36_to_intdjango.utils.http http_datedjango.utils.http int_to_base36django.utils.http is_safe_urldjango.utils.http unquotedjango.utils.http url_has_allowed_host_and_schemedjango.utils.http urlencodedjango.utils.http urlquotedjango.utils.http urlunquotedjango.utils.ipv6 clean_ipv6_addressdjango.utils.itercompat is_iterabledjango.utils.module_loading autodiscover_modulesdjango.utils.module_loading import_stringdjango.utils.module_loading module_has_submoduledjango.utils.numberformat formatdjango.utils.safestring SafeDatadjango.utils.safestring SafeTextdjango.utils.safestring mark_safedjango.utils.termcolors colorizedjango.utils.text Truncatordjango.utils.text capfirstdjango.utils.text format_lazydjango.utils.text get_text_listdjango.utils.text get_valid_filenamedjango.utils.text slugifydjango.utils.timezone get_current_timezonedjango.utils.timezone make_awaredjango.utils.timezone nowdjango.utils.timezone timedeltadjango.utils.translation LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEYdjango.utils.translation activatedjango.utils.translation deactivate_alldjango.utils.translation get_languagedjango.utils.translation get_language_from_requestdjango.utils.translation gettextdjango.utils.translation gettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ngettextdjango.utils.translation overridedjango.utils.translation pgettextdjango.utils.translation pgettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ugettextdjango.utils.translation ugettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ungettextdjango.utils.translation ungettext_lazydjango.utils.version get_complete_versiondjango.views csrfdjango.views.debug get_default_exception_reporter_filterdjango.views.decorators.csrf csrf_exemptdjango.views.decorators.debug sensitive_post_parametersdjango.views.decorators.http require_GETdjango.views.decorators.http require_POSTdjango.views.generic CreateViewdjango.views.generic DeleteViewdjango.views.generic DetailViewdjango.views.generic FormViewdjango.views.generic ListViewdjango.views.generic RedirectViewdjango.views.generic TemplateViewdjango.views.generic UpdateViewdjango.views.generic Viewdjango.views.generic.base RedirectViewdjango.views.generic.base TemplateResponseMixindjango.views.generic.base TemplateViewdjango.views.generic.base Viewdjango.views.generic.detail SingleObjectMixindjango.views.generic.edit CreateViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeleteViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeletionMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormViewdjango.views.generic.list ListViewdjango.views.generic.list MultipleObjectMixindjango.views.i18n JavaScriptCatalogdjango.views.static servedjango.views.static was_modified_sincedjango.contrib.auth.decorators login_requireddjango.contrib.auth get_user_modeldjango.contrib.auth.hashers make_passworddjango.core.exceptions ImproperlyConfigureddjango.core.mail.messages EmailMessagedjango.core.mail.send_maildjango.core.management.base BaseCommanddjango.db.models AutoFielddjango.db.models BooleanFielddjango.db.models CharFielddjango.db.models DateFielddjango.db.models DateTimeFielddjango.db.models FileFielddjango.db.models ForeignKeydjango.db.models GenericIPAddressFielddjango.db.models ImageFielddjango.db.models IntegerFielddjango.db.models Modeldjango.db.models PositiveIntegerFielddjango.db.models PositiveSmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models.signaldjango.db.models SlugFielddjango.db.models SmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models TextFielddjango.db OperationalErrordjango.dispatch Signaldjango.formsdjango.forms BooleanFielddjango.forms CharFielddjango.forms ChoiceFielddjango.forms DateFielddjango.forms DateTimeFielddjango.forms EmailFielddjango.forms IntegerFielddjango.forms TypedChoiceFielddjango.http Http404django.http HttpResponsedjango.http HttpResponseBadRequestdjango.http HttpResponseForbiddendjango.http HttpResponseNotModifieddjango.http HttpResponsePermanentRedirectdjango.http HttpResponseRedirectdjango.template.response SimpleTemplateResponsedjango.template.response TemplateResponsedjango.urls.pathdjango.urls reverse_lazydjango.urls.exceptions NoReverseMatchdjango.urls.exceptions Resolver404django.utils.html format_htmldjango.utils.timezone ...or view the full table of contents.

Full Stack Python

Full Stack Python is an open book that explains concepts in plain language and provides helpful resources for those topics.
Updates via Twitter & Facebook.

Matt Makai 2012-2022