ForeignKey is a Django ORM field-to-column mapping for creating and working with relationships between tables in relational databases.
ForeignKey
is defined within the
django.db.models.related
module but is typically referenced from
django.db.models
rather than using the related
module reference.
Auditlog (project documentation) is a Django app that logs changes to Python objects, similar to the Django admin's logs but with more details and output formats. Auditlog's source code is provided as open source under the MIT license.
AuditLog / src / auditlog_tests / models.py
import uuid
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import ArrayField
from django.db import models
from auditlog.models import AuditlogHistoryField
from auditlog.registry import auditlog
from multiselectfield import MultiSelectField
## ... source file abbreviated to get to the ForeignKey examples ...
class RelatedModel(models.Model):
"""
A model with a foreign key.
"""
related = models.ForeignKey(to='self', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
class ManyRelatedModel(models.Model):
"""
A model with a many to many relation.
"""
related = models.ManyToManyField('self')
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
@auditlog.register(include_fields=['label'])
class SimpleIncludeModel(models.Model):
"""
A simple model used for register's include_fields kwarg
"""
label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
text = models.TextField(blank=True)
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
class SimpleExcludeModel(models.Model):
"""
A simple model used for register's exclude_fields kwarg
"""
label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
text = models.TextField(blank=True)
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
class SimpleMappingModel(models.Model):
"""
A simple model used for register's mapping_fields kwarg
"""
sku = models.CharField(max_length=100)
vtxt = models.CharField(verbose_name='Version', max_length=100)
not_mapped = models.CharField(max_length=100)
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
class AdditionalDataIncludedModel(models.Model):
"""
A model where get_additional_data is defined which allows for logging extra
information about the model in JSON
"""
label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
text = models.TextField(blank=True)
related = models.ForeignKey(to=SimpleModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
history = AuditlogHistoryField()
def get_additional_data(self):
"""
Returns JSON that captures a snapshot of additional details of the
model instance. This method, if defined, is accessed by auditlog
manager and added to each logentry instance on creation.
"""
object_details = {
'related_model_id': self.related.id,
'related_model_text': self.related.text
}
return object_details
# ... source file continues with no further ForeignKey examples ...
dccnsys is a conference registration system built with Django. The code is open source under the MIT license.
dccnsys / wwwdccn / review / models.py
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.signals import post_save, post_delete
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from conferences.models import Conference
from submissions.models import Submission
from users.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Reviewer(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
conference = models.ForeignKey(Conference, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
SCORE = (
('1', _('1 - Very Poor')),
('2', _('2 - Below Average')),
('3', _('3 - Average')),
('4', _('4 - Good')),
('5', _('5 - Excellent')),
)
class Review(models.Model):
NUM_SCORES = 4
# Score choices codes:
POOR = 1
BELOW_AVERAGE = 2
AVERAGE = 3
GOOD = 4
EXCELLENT = 5
SCORE_CHOICES = (
('', _('Choose your score')),
(str(POOR), _('1 - Very Poor')),
(str(BELOW_AVERAGE), _('2 - Below Average')),
(str(AVERAGE), _('3 - Average')),
(str(GOOD), _('4 - Good')),
(str(EXCELLENT), _('5 - Excellent'))
)
reviewer = models.ForeignKey(
Reviewer,
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name='reviews',
)
paper = models.ForeignKey(
Submission,
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name='reviews',
)
technical_merit = models.CharField(
choices=SCORE_CHOICES,
max_length=1,
blank=True,
)
clarity = models.CharField(
choices=SCORE_CHOICES,
max_length=1,
blank=True,
)
relevance = models.CharField(
choices=SCORE_CHOICES,
max_length=1,
blank=True,
)
originality = models.CharField(
choices=SCORE_CHOICES,
max_length=1,
blank=True,
)
details = models.TextField()
submitted = models.BooleanField(default=False)
def __str__(self):
name = self.reviewer.user.profile.get_full_name()
return f'Review for submission #{self.paper.pk} by {name}'
def check_details(self):
return check_review_details(self.details, self.paper.stype)
def score_fields(self):
return {
'technical_merit': self.technical_merit,
'clarity': self.clarity,
'originality': self.originality,
'relevance': self.relevance,
}
def missing_score_fields(self):
return tuple(k for k, v in self.score_fields().items() if v == '')
def all_scores_filled(self):
return self.num_scores_missing() == 0
def num_scores_missing(self):
return len(self.missing_score_fields())
def warnings(self):
num_missing = self.num_scores_missing()
warnings = []
if num_missing == Review.NUM_SCORES and not self.details:
warnings.append('Please, start the review')
else:
filled_details = self.check_details()
filled_scores = num_missing == 0
if not filled_scores:
warnings.append(
f'{num_missing} of {Review.NUM_SCORES} scores not filled'
)
if not filled_details:
warnings.append('Review details are incomplete')
if filled_scores and filled_details and not self.submitted:
warnings.append('Review is not submitted yet')
return warnings
def average_score(self):
if self.all_scores_filled():
fields = self.score_fields()
return sum(int(x) for x in fields.values()) / len(fields)
return 0
## ... source file continues with no further ForeignKey examples ...
django-allauth (project website) is a Django library for easily adding local and social authentication flows to Django projects. It is open source under the MIT License.
django-allauth / allauth / socialaccount / models.py
from __future__ import absolute_import
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
from django.db import models
from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
import allauth.app_settings
from allauth.account.models import EmailAddress
from allauth.account.utils import get_next_redirect_url, setup_user_email
from allauth.compat import (
force_str,
python_2_unicode_compatible,
ugettext_lazy as _,
)
from allauth.utils import get_user_model
from ..utils import get_request_param
from . import app_settings, providers
from .adapter import get_adapter
from .fields import JSONField
## ... source file abbreviated to get to ForeignKey examples ...
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class SocialAccount(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(allauth.app_settings.USER_MODEL,
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
provider = models.CharField(verbose_name=_('provider'),
max_length=30,
choices=providers.registry.as_choices())
# Just in case you're wondering if an OpenID identity URL is going
# to fit in a 'uid':
#
# Ideally, URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True) would be used
# for identity. However, MySQL has a max_length limitation of 191
# for URLField (in case of utf8mb4). How about
# models.TextField(unique=True) then? Well, that won't work
# either for MySQL due to another bug[1]. So the only way out
# would be to drop the unique constraint, or switch to shorter
# identity URLs. Opted for the latter, as [2] suggests that
# identity URLs are supposed to be short anyway, at least for the
# old spec.
#
# [1] http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/2495.
# [2] http://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-1_1.html#limits
uid = models.CharField(verbose_name=_('uid'),
max_length=app_settings.UID_MAX_LENGTH)
last_login = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=_('last login'),
auto_now=True)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=_('date joined'),
auto_now_add=True)
extra_data = JSONField(verbose_name=_('extra data'), default=dict)
class Meta:
unique_together = ('provider', 'uid')
verbose_name = _('social account')
verbose_name_plural = _('social accounts')
def authenticate(self):
return authenticate(account=self)
def __str__(self):
return force_str(self.user)
def get_profile_url(self):
return self.get_provider_account().get_profile_url()
def get_avatar_url(self):
return self.get_provider_account().get_avatar_url()
def get_provider(self):
return providers.registry.by_id(self.provider)
def get_provider_account(self):
return self.get_provider().wrap_account(self)
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class SocialToken(models.Model):
app = models.ForeignKey(SocialApp, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
account = models.ForeignKey(SocialAccount, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
token = models.TextField(
verbose_name=_('token'),
help_text=_(
'"oauth_token" (OAuth1) or access token (OAuth2)'))
token_secret = models.TextField(
blank=True,
verbose_name=_('token secret'),
help_text=_(
'"oauth_token_secret" (OAuth1) or refresh token (OAuth2)'))
expires_at = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True,
verbose_name=_('expires at'))
class Meta:
unique_together = ('app', 'account')
verbose_name = _('social application token')
verbose_name_plural = _('social application tokens')
def __str__(self):
return self.token
## ... source file continues with no further ForeignKey examples ...
django-cms (project website) is a Python-based content management system (CMS) library for use with Django web apps that is open sourced under the BSD 3-Clause "New" license.
django-cms / cms / migrations / 0018_create_pagenode.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Generated by Django 1.10.8 on 2018-01-03 19:50
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import django
import django.contrib.auth.models
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion
from . import IrreversibleMigration
def get_descendants(root):
"""
Returns the a generator of primary keys which represent
descendants of the given page ID (root_id)
"""
# Note this is done because get_descendants() can't be trusted
# as the tree can be corrupt.
for child in root.children.order_by('path').iterator():
yield child
for child in get_descendants(child):
yield child
def create_page_nodes(apps, schema_editor):
Page = apps.get_model('cms', 'Page')
TreeNode = apps.get_model('cms', 'TreeNode')
db_alias = schema_editor.connection.alias
root_draft_pages = Page.objects.using(db_alias).filter(
publisher_is_draft=True,
parent__isnull=True,
)
create_node = TreeNode.objects.using(db_alias).create
nodes_by_page = {}
for root in root_draft_pages:
node = create_node(
site_id=root.site_id,
path=root.path,
depth=root.depth,
numchild=root.numchild,
parent=None,
)
nodes_by_page[root.pk] = node
for descendant in get_descendants(root):
node = create_node(
site_id=descendant.site_id,
path=descendant.path,
depth=descendant.depth,
numchild=descendant.numchild,
parent=nodes_by_page[descendant.parent_id],
)
nodes_by_page[descendant.pk] = node
class Migration(IrreversibleMigration):
dependencies = [
('sites', '0001_initial'),
('cms', '0017_pagetype'),
]
replaces = [('cms', '0018_pagenode')]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='TreeNode',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('path', models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
('depth', models.PositiveIntegerField()),
('numchild', models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)),
('parent', models.ForeignKey(blank=True, null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='children', to='cms.TreeNode')),
('site', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='djangocms_nodes', to='sites.Site', verbose_name='site')),
],
options={
'ordering': ('path',),
'default_permissions': [],
},
),
migrations.RunPython(create_page_nodes),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='page',
name='node',
field=models.ForeignKey(null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='cms_pages',
to='cms.TreeNode'),
),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='page',
name='migration_0018_control',
field=models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True),
),
migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
name='page',
unique_together=set([('node', 'publisher_is_draft')]),
),
migrations.AlterModelManagers(
name='pageusergroup',
managers=[
('objects', django.contrib.auth.models.GroupManager()),
],
),
]
django-guardian (project documentation and PyPI page) provides per-object permissions in Django projects by enhancing the existing authentication backend. The project's code is open source under the MIT license.
django-guardian / guardian / migrations / 0001_initial.py
# 0001_initial.py
from django.db import models, migrations
from django.conf import settings
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [
('contenttypes', '0001_initial'),
('auth', '0001_initial'),
migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='GroupObjectPermission',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(primary_key=True,
serialize=False, auto_created=True, verbose_name='ID')),
('object_pk', models.CharField(
max_length=255, verbose_name='object ID')),
('content_type', models.ForeignKey(to='contenttypes.ContentType', on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
('group', models.ForeignKey(to='auth.Group', on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
('permission', models.ForeignKey(to='auth.Permission', on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
],
options={
},
bases=(models.Model,),
),
migrations.CreateModel(
name='UserObjectPermission',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(primary_key=True,
serialize=False, auto_created=True, verbose_name='ID')),
('object_pk', models.CharField(
max_length=255, verbose_name='object ID')),
('content_type', models.ForeignKey(to='contenttypes.ContentType', on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
('permission', models.ForeignKey(to='auth.Permission', on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
('user', models.ForeignKey(to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)),
],
options={
},
bases=(models.Model,),
),
migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
name='userobjectpermission',
unique_together=set([('user', 'permission', 'object_pk')]),
),
migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
name='groupobjectpermission',
unique_together=set([('group', 'permission', 'object_pk')]),
),
]
django-jet (project documentation, PyPI project page and more information) is a fancy Django Admin panel replacement.
The django-jet project is open source under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.
django-jet / jet / tests / models.py
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class TestModel(models.Model):
field1 = models.CharField(max_length=255)
field2 = models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return '%s%d' % (self.field1, self.field2)
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class RelatedToTestModel(models.Model):
field = models.ForeignKey(TestModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.field
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class SearchableTestModel(models.Model):
field1 = models.CharField(max_length=255)
field2 = models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return '%s%d' % (self.field1, self.field2)
@staticmethod
def autocomplete_search_fields():
return 'field1'
django-smithy is a Django code library that allows users to send HTTP requests from the Django admin user interface. The code for the project is open source under the MIT license.
django-smithy / smithy / migrations / 0002_auto_20190317_1052_squashed_0008_auto_20190317_1213.py
# Generated by Django 2.1.5 on 2019-03-17 17:14
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion
import django.utils.timezone
import model_utils.fields
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
replaces = [('smithy', '0002_auto_20190317_1052'), ('smithy', '0003_auto_20190317_1103'), ('smithy', '0004_auto_20190317_1104'), ('smithy', '0005_auto_20190317_1107'), ('smithy', '0006_request_body_type'), ('smithy', '0007_auto_20190317_1159'), ('smithy', '0008_auto_20190317_1213')]
dependencies = [
('smithy', '0001_initial'),
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='BodyParameter',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('created', model_utils.fields.AutoCreatedField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, editable=False, verbose_name='created')),
('modified', model_utils.fields.AutoLastModifiedField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, editable=False, verbose_name='modified')),
('name', models.CharField(max_length=200)),
('value', models.TextField()),
('request', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='body_parameters', to='smithy.RequestBlueprint')),
],
options={
'abstract': False,
},
),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='requestrecord',
name='raw_request',
field=models.TextField(default=''),
),
migrations.RemoveField(
model_name='requestrecord',
name='response',
),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='requestrecord',
name='status',
field=models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True),
),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='requestrecord',
name='raw_response',
field=models.TextField(default=''),
preserve_default=False,
),
migrations.AddField(
model_name='request',
name='content_type',
field=models.CharField(blank=True, choices=[('', 'Other'), ('application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'x-www-form-urlencoded'), ('application/json', 'JSON'), ('text/plain', 'Text'), ('application/javascript', 'JavaScript'), ('application/xml', 'XML (application/xml)'), ('text/xml', 'XML (text/xml)'), ('text/html', 'HTML')], default='', max_length=100, null=True),
),
]
gadget-board is a Django, Django REST Framework (DRF) and Angular web application that is open source under the Apache2 license.
gadget-board / web / gadgets / models.py
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import JSONField
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify
from authentication.models import Account
class Gadget(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField(null=True, blank=True)
description = models.TextField()
users_can_upload = models.ManyToManyField(Account)
image_name = models.CharField(max_length=140, blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
@property
def image_url(self):
if self.image_name != "":
return "backend/static/media/{}".format(self.image_name)
else:
return "backend/static/dashboard_icon_big.png"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.id:
self.slug = slugify(self.name)
super(Gadget, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
class GadgetData(models.Model):
gadget = models.ForeignKey(Gadget, db_index=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING) # Add index on filtered fields
data = JSONField()
added_by = models.ForeignKey(Account, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
timestamp = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, db_index=True) # Add index on filtered fields
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return '{} {} {}'.format(self.gadget, self.timestamp, self.added_by)