django.utils.encoding force_text Example Code

force_text is a callable within the django.utils.encoding module of the Django project.

Example 1 from django-angular

django-angular (project examples website) is a library with helper code to make it easier to use Angular as the front-end to Django projects. The code for django-angular is open source under the MIT license.

django-angular / djng / forms / angular_base.py

# angular_base.py
from base64 import b64encode
from collections import UserList
import json
import warnings

from django.forms import forms
from django.http import QueryDict
from django.utils.html import format_html, format_html_join, escape, conditional_escape
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe, SafeText, SafeData
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError, ImproperlyConfigured

from .fields import DefaultFieldMixin


class SafeTuple(SafeData, tuple):


class TupleErrorList(UserList, list):
    def __init__(self, initlist=None, error_class=None):
        super(TupleErrorList, self).__init__(initlist)

        if error_class is None:
            self.error_class = 'errorlist'
        else:
            self.error_class = 'errorlist {}'.format(error_class)

    def as_data(self):
        return ValidationError(self.data).error_list

    def get_json_data(self, escape_html=False):
        errors = []


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


                'message': escape(message) if escape_html else message,
                'code': error.code or '',
            })
        return errors

    def as_json(self, escape_html=False):
        return json.dumps(self.get_json_data(escape_html))

    def extend(self, iterable):
        for item in iterable:
            if not isinstance(item, str):
                self.append(item)
        return None

    def as_ul(self):
        if not self:
            return SafeText()
        first = self[0]
        if isinstance(first, tuple):
            error_lists = {'$pristine': [], '$dirty': []}
            for e in self:
                if e[5] == '$message':
                    li_format = '<li ng-show="{0}.{1} && {0}.{3}" class="{2}" ng-bind="{0}.{3}"></li>'
                else:
                    li_format = '<li ng-show="{0}.{1}" class="{2}">{3}</li>'
                err_tuple = (e[0], e[3], e[4], force_text(e[5]))
                error_lists[e[2]].append(format_html(li_format, *err_tuple))
            dirty_errors, pristine_errors = '', ''
            if len(error_lists['$dirty']) > 0:
                dirty_errors = format_html(
                    '<ul ng-show="{0}.$dirty && !{0}.$untouched" class="{1}" ng-cloak>{2}</ul>',  # duck typing: !...$untouched
                    first[0], first[1], mark_safe(''.join(error_lists['$dirty']))
                )
            if len(error_lists['$pristine']) > 0:
                pristine_errors = format_html(
                    '<ul ng-show="{0}.$pristine" class="{1}" ng-cloak>{2}</ul>',
                    first[0], first[1], mark_safe(''.join(error_lists['$pristine']))
                )
            return format_html('{}{}', dirty_errors, pristine_errors)
        return format_html('<ul class="errorlist">{0}</ul>',
            format_html_join('', '<li>{0}</li>', ((force_text(e),) for e in self)))

    def as_text(self):
        if not self:
            return ''
        if isinstance(self[0], tuple):
            return '\n'.join(['* %s' % force_text(e[5]) for e in self if bool(e[5])])
        return '\n'.join(['* %s' % force_text(e) for e in self])

    def __str__(self):
        return self.as_ul()

    def __repr__(self):
        if self and isinstance(self[0], tuple):
            return repr([force_text(e[5]) for e in self])
        return repr([force_text(e) for e in self])

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return item in list(self)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return list(self) == other

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return list(self) != other

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        error = self.data[i]
        if isinstance(error, tuple):
            if isinstance(error[5], ValidationError):
                error[5] = list(error[5])[0]
            return error
        if isinstance(error, ValidationError):
            return list(error)[0]
        return force_text(error)


class NgWidgetMixin(object):
    def get_context(self, name, value, attrs):
        context = super(NgWidgetMixin, self).get_context(name, value, attrs)
        if callable(getattr(self._field, 'update_widget_rendering_context', None)):
            self._field.update_widget_rendering_context(context)
        return context


class NgBoundField(forms.BoundField):
    @property
    def errors(self):
        if not hasattr(self, '_errors_cache'):
            self._errors_cache = self.form.get_field_errors(self)
        return self._errors_cache

    def css_classes(self, extra_classes=None):
        if hasattr(extra_classes, 'split'):
            extra_classes = extra_classes.split()
        extra_classes = set(extra_classes or [])
        field_css_classes = getattr(self.form, 'field_css_classes', None)
        if hasattr(field_css_classes, 'split'):
            extra_classes.update(field_css_classes.split())


## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...

Example 2 from django-cms

django-cms (project website) is a Python-based content management system (CMS) library for use with Django web apps that is open sourced under the BSD 3-Clause "New" license.

django-cms / cms / plugin_base.py

# plugin_base.py
import json
import re

from django.shortcuts import render as render_to_response

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.exceptions import (
    ImproperlyConfigured,
    ObjectDoesNotExist,
    ValidationError,
)
from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_str
from django.utils.html import escapejs
from django.utils.translation import ugettext, ugettext_lazy as _

from six import with_metaclass, python_2_unicode_compatible

from cms import operations
from cms.exceptions import SubClassNeededError
from cms.models import CMSPlugin
from cms.toolbar.utils import get_plugin_tree_as_json, get_plugin_toolbar_info
from cms.utils.conf import get_cms_setting


class CMSPluginBaseMetaclass(forms.MediaDefiningClass):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        super_new = super(CMSPluginBaseMetaclass, cls).__new__
        parents = [base for base in bases if isinstance(base, CMSPluginBaseMetaclass)]
        if not parents:
            return super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        new_plugin = super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        if not issubclass(new_plugin.model, CMSPlugin):
            raise SubClassNeededError(
                "The 'model' attribute on CMSPluginBase subclasses must be "
                "either CMSPlugin or a subclass of CMSPlugin. %r on %r is not."
                % (new_plugin.model, new_plugin)


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


            else:
                parent_id = obj.parent.pk if obj.parent else None
                tree_order = obj.placeholder.get_plugin_tree_order(parent_id)
                operation_kwargs['plugin'] = obj
                operation_kwargs['operation'] = operations.ADD_PLUGIN
                operation_kwargs['tree_order'] = tree_order
            self._operation_token = pl_admin._send_pre_placeholder_operation(**operation_kwargs)

        self.saved_object = obj
        return super(CMSPluginBase, self).save_model(request, obj, form, change)

    def save_form(self, request, form, change):
        obj = super(CMSPluginBase, self).save_form(request, form, change)

        for field, value in self._cms_initial_attributes.items():
            setattr(obj, field, value)
        return obj

    def response_add(self, request, obj, **kwargs):
        self.object_successfully_changed = True
        return self.render_close_frame(request, obj)

    def response_change(self, request, obj):
        self.object_successfully_changed = True
        opts = self.model._meta
        msg_dict = {'name': force_text(opts.verbose_name), 'obj': force_text(obj)}
        msg = _('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was changed successfully.') % msg_dict
        self.message_user(request, msg, messages.SUCCESS)
        return self.render_close_frame(request, obj)

    def log_addition(self, request, obj, bypass=None):
        pass

    def log_change(self, request, obj, message, bypass=None):
        pass

    def log_deletion(self, request, obj, object_repr, bypass=None):
        pass

    def icon_src(self, instance):
        return ""

    def icon_alt(self, instance):
        return "%s - %s" % (force_text(self.name), force_text(instance))

    def get_fieldsets(self, request, obj=None):
        fieldsets = super(CMSPluginBase, self).get_fieldsets(request, obj)

        for name, data in fieldsets:
            if data.get('fields'):  # if fieldset with non-empty fields is found, return fieldsets
                return fieldsets

        if self.inlines:
            return []  # if plugin has inlines but no own fields return empty fieldsets to remove empty white fieldset

        try:  # if all fieldsets are empty (assuming there is only one fieldset then) add description
            fieldsets[0][1]['description'] = self.get_empty_change_form_text(obj=obj)
        except KeyError:
            pass
        return fieldsets

    @classmethod
    def get_empty_change_form_text(cls, obj=None):
        return ugettext('There are no further settings for this plugin. Please press save.')

    @classmethod
    def get_child_class_overrides(cls, slot, page):
        from cms.utils.placeholder import get_placeholder_conf


## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...

Example 3 from django-downloadview

django-downloadview (project documentation and PyPI package information) is a Django extension for serving downloads through your web application. While typically you would use a web server to handle static content, sometimes you need to control file access, such as requiring a user to register before downloading a PDF. In that situations, django-downloadview is a handy library to avoid boilerplate code for common scenarios.

django-downloadview / django_downloadview / io.py

# io.py
import io

from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text


class TextIteratorIO(io.TextIOBase):

    def __init__(self, iterator):
        self._iter = iterator

        self._left = ""

    def readable(self):
        return True

    def _read1(self, n=None):
        while not self._left:
            try:
                self._left = next(self._iter)
            except StopIteration:
                break
            else:
                self._left = force_text(self._left)
        ret = self._left[:n]
        self._left = self._left[len(ret) :]
        return ret

    def read(self, n=None):
        chunks = []
        if n is None or n < 0:
            while True:
                m = self._read1()
                if not m:
                    break
                chunks.append(m)
        else:
            while n > 0:
                m = self._read1(n)
                if not m:
                    break
                n -= len(m)
                chunks.append(m)
        return "".join(chunks)

    def readline(self):
        chunks = []
        while True:


## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...

Example 4 from django-filer

django-filer (project documentation) is a file management library for uploading and organizing files and images in Django's admin interface. The project's code is available under the BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" open source license.

django-filer / filer / admin / folderadmin.py

# folderadmin.py
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals

import itertools
import os
import re
from collections import OrderedDict

from django import forms
from django.conf import settings as django_settings
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import messages
from django.contrib.admin import helpers
from django.contrib.admin.utils import capfirst, quote, unquote
from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied, ValidationError
from django.core.paginator import EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger, Paginator
from django.db import models, router
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
from django.utils.html import escape
from django.utils.http import urlquote, urlunquote
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy, ungettext

from .. import settings
from ..models import (
    File, Folder, FolderPermission, FolderRoot, ImagesWithMissingData,
    UnsortedImages, tools,
)
from ..settings import FILER_IMAGE_MODEL, FILER_PAGINATE_BY
from ..thumbnail_processors import normalize_subject_location
from ..utils.compatibility import get_delete_permission
from ..utils.filer_easy_thumbnails import FilerActionThumbnailer
from ..utils.loader import load_model
from . import views
from .forms import CopyFilesAndFoldersForm, RenameFilesForm, ResizeImagesForm
from .patched.admin_utils import get_deleted_objects
from .permissions import PrimitivePermissionAwareModelAdmin
from .tools import (
    AdminContext, admin_url_params_encoded, check_files_edit_permissions,
    check_files_read_permissions, check_folder_edit_permissions,
    check_folder_read_permissions, popup_status, userperms_for_request,


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


        app_label = opts.app_label

        if not self.has_delete_permission(request):
            raise PermissionDenied

        current_folder = self._get_current_action_folder(
            request, files_queryset, folders_queryset)

        all_protected = []

        using = router.db_for_write(self.model)
        deletable_files, model_count_files, perms_needed_files, protected_files = get_deleted_objects(files_queryset, files_queryset.model._meta, request.user, self.admin_site, using)
        deletable_folders, model_count_folder, perms_needed_folders, protected_folders = get_deleted_objects(folders_queryset, folders_queryset.model._meta, request.user, self.admin_site, using)
        all_protected.extend(protected_files)
        all_protected.extend(protected_folders)

        all_deletable_objects = [deletable_files, deletable_folders]
        all_perms_needed = perms_needed_files.union(perms_needed_folders)

        if request.POST.get('post'):
            if all_perms_needed:
                raise PermissionDenied
            n = files_queryset.count() + folders_queryset.count()
            if n:
                for f in files_queryset:
                    self.log_deletion(request, f, force_text(f))
                    f.delete()
                folder_ids = set()
                for folder in folders_queryset:
                    folder_ids.add(folder.id)
                    folder_ids.update(
                        folder.get_descendants().values_list('id', flat=True))
                for f in File.objects.filter(folder__in=folder_ids):
                    self.log_deletion(request, f, force_text(f))
                    f.delete()
                for f in folders_queryset:
                    self.log_deletion(request, f, force_text(f))
                    f.delete()
                self.message_user(request, _("Successfully deleted %(count)d files and/or folders.") % {"count": n, })
            return None

        if all_perms_needed or all_protected:
            title = _("Cannot delete files and/or folders")
        else:
            title = _("Are you sure?")

        context = self.admin_site.each_context(request)
        context.update({
            "title": title,
            "instance": current_folder,
            "breadcrumbs_action": _("Delete files and/or folders"),
            "deletable_objects": all_deletable_objects,
            "files_queryset": files_queryset,
            "folders_queryset": folders_queryset,
            "perms_lacking": all_perms_needed,
            "protected": all_protected,
            "opts": opts,
            'is_popup': popup_status(request),
            'filer_admin_context': AdminContext(request),
            "root_path": reverse('admin:index'),
            "app_label": app_label,


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


            request,
            "admin/filer/delete_selected_files_confirmation.html",
            context
        )

    delete_files_or_folders.short_description = ugettext_lazy(
        "Delete selected files and/or folders")

    def _format_callback(self, obj, user, admin_site, perms_needed):
        has_admin = obj.__class__ in admin_site._registry
        opts = obj._meta
        if has_admin:
            admin_url = reverse('%s:%s_%s_change'
                                % (admin_site.name,
                                   opts.app_label,
                                   opts.object_name.lower()),
                                None, (quote(obj._get_pk_val()),))
            p = get_delete_permission(opts)
            if not user.has_perm(p):
                perms_needed.add(opts.verbose_name)
            return mark_safe('%s: <a href="%s">%s</a>' %
                             (escape(capfirst(opts.verbose_name)),
                              admin_url,
                              escape(obj)))
        else:
            return '%s: %s' % (capfirst(opts.verbose_name), force_text(obj))

    def _check_copy_perms(self, request, files_queryset, folders_queryset):
        try:
            check_files_read_permissions(request, files_queryset)
            check_folder_read_permissions(request, folders_queryset)
        except PermissionDenied:
            return True
        return False

    def _check_move_perms(self, request, files_queryset, folders_queryset):
        try:
            check_files_read_permissions(request, files_queryset)
            check_folder_read_permissions(request, folders_queryset)
            check_files_edit_permissions(request, files_queryset)
            check_folder_edit_permissions(request, folders_queryset)
        except PermissionDenied:
            return True
        return False

    def _get_current_action_folder(self, request, files_queryset,
                                   folders_queryset):
        if files_queryset:
            return files_queryset[0].folder
        elif folders_queryset:


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


        else:
            return None

    def _list_folders_to_copy_or_move(self, request, folders):
        for fo in folders:
            yield self._format_callback(fo, request.user, self.admin_site, set())
            children = list(self._list_folders_to_copy_or_move(request, fo.children.all()))
            children.extend([self._format_callback(f, request.user, self.admin_site, set()) for f in sorted(fo.files)])
            if children:
                yield children

    def _list_all_to_copy_or_move(self, request, files_queryset, folders_queryset):
        to_copy_or_move = list(self._list_folders_to_copy_or_move(request, folders_queryset))
        to_copy_or_move.extend([self._format_callback(f, request.user, self.admin_site, set()) for f in sorted(files_queryset)])
        return to_copy_or_move

    def _list_all_destination_folders_recursive(self, request, folders_queryset, current_folder, folders, allow_self, level):
        for fo in folders:
            if not allow_self and fo in folders_queryset:
                continue

            if not fo.has_read_permission(request):
                continue

            enabled = (allow_self or fo != current_folder) and fo.has_add_children_permission(request)
            yield (fo, (mark_safe(("&nbsp;&nbsp;" * level) + force_text(fo)), enabled))
            for c in self._list_all_destination_folders_recursive(request, folders_queryset, current_folder, fo.children.all(), allow_self, level + 1):
                yield c

    def _list_all_destination_folders(self, request, folders_queryset, current_folder, allow_self):
        root_folders = self.get_queryset(request).filter(parent__isnull=True).order_by('name')
        return list(self._list_all_destination_folders_recursive(request, folders_queryset, current_folder, root_folders, allow_self, 0))

    def _move_files_and_folders_impl(self, files_queryset, folders_queryset, destination):
        for f in files_queryset:
            f.folder = destination
            f.save()
        for f in folders_queryset:
            f.move_to(destination, 'last-child')
            f.save()

    def move_files_and_folders(self, request, files_queryset, folders_queryset):
        opts = self.model._meta
        app_label = opts.app_label

        current_folder = self._get_current_action_folder(request, files_queryset, folders_queryset)
        perms_needed = self._check_move_perms(request, files_queryset, folders_queryset)
        to_move = self._list_all_to_copy_or_move(request, files_queryset, folders_queryset)
        folders = self._list_all_destination_folders(request, folders_queryset, current_folder, False)



## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...

Example 5 from django-jet

django-jet (project documentation, PyPI project page and more information) is a fancy Django Admin panel replacement.

The django-jet project is open source under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.

django-jet / jet / utils.py

# utils.py
import datetime
import json
from django.template import Context
from django.utils import translation
from jet import settings
from jet.models import PinnedApplication

try:
    from django.apps.registry import apps
except ImportError:
    try:
        from django.apps import apps # Fix Django 1.7 import issue
    except ImportError:
        pass
from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
from django.http import HttpResponse
try:
    from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse, resolve, NoReverseMatch
except ImportError: # Django 1.11
    from django.urls import reverse, resolve, NoReverseMatch

from django.contrib.admin import AdminSite
from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
from django.utils.text import capfirst
from django.contrib import messages
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
from django.utils.functional import Promise
from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
from django.contrib import admin
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.text import slugify

try:
    from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
    from ordereddict import OrderedDict  # Python 2.6


class JsonResponse(HttpResponse):

    def __init__(self, data, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder, safe=True, **kwargs):
        if safe and not isinstance(data, dict):
            raise TypeError('In order to allow non-dict objects to be '
                'serialized set the safe parameter to False')
        kwargs.setdefault('content_type', 'application/json')
        data = json.dumps(data, cls=encoder)
        super(JsonResponse, self).__init__(content=data, **kwargs)


def get_app_list(context, order=True):


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


    try:
        current_resolver = resolve(context.get('request').path)
        index_resolver = resolve(reverse('%s:index' % current_resolver.namespaces[0]))

        if hasattr(index_resolver.func, 'admin_site'):
            return index_resolver.func.admin_site

        for func_closure in index_resolver.func.__closure__:
            if isinstance(func_closure.cell_contents, AdminSite):
                return func_closure.cell_contents
    except:
        pass

    return admin.site


def get_admin_site_name(context):
    return get_admin_site(context).name


class LazyDateTimeEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime) or isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
            return obj.isoformat()
        elif isinstance(obj, Promise):
            return force_text(obj)
        return self.encode(obj)


def get_model_instance_label(instance):
    if getattr(instance, "related_label", None):
        return instance.related_label()
    return smart_text(instance)


class SuccessMessageMixin(object):
    success_message = ''

    def form_valid(self, form):
        response = super(SuccessMessageMixin, self).form_valid(form)
        success_message = self.get_success_message(form.cleaned_data)
        if success_message:
            messages.success(self.request, success_message)
        return response

    def get_success_message(self, cleaned_data):
        return self.success_message % cleaned_data


def get_model_queryset(admin_site, model, request, preserved_filters=None):


## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...

Example 6 from django-pipeline

django-pipeline (project documentation and PyPI package information) is a code library for handling and compressing static content assets when handling requests in Django web applications.

The django-pipeline project is open sourced under the MIT License and it is maintained by the developer community group Jazzband.

django-pipeline / pipeline / compressors / init.py

# __init__.py
import base64
import os
import posixpath
import re
import subprocess

from itertools import takewhile

from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import staticfiles_storage
from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes, force_text

from pipeline.conf import settings
from pipeline.exceptions import CompressorError
from pipeline.utils import to_class, relpath, set_std_streams_blocking

URL_DETECTOR = r"""url\((['"]?)\s*(.*?)\1\)"""
URL_REPLACER = r"""url\(__EMBED__(.+?)(\?\d+)?\)"""
NON_REWRITABLE_URL = re.compile(r'^(#|http:|https:|data:|//)')

DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_FUNC = "template"
TEMPLATE_FUNC = r"""var template = function(str){var fn = new Function('obj', 'var __p=[],print=function(){__p.push.apply(__p,arguments);};with(obj||{}){__p.push(\''+str.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/'/g, "\\'").replace(/<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,function(match,code){return "',"+code.replace(/\\'/g, "'")+",'";}).replace(/<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,function(match,code){return "');"+code.replace(/\\'/g, "'").replace(/[\r\n\t]/g,' ')+"__p.push('";}).replace(/\r/g,'\\r').replace(/\n/g,'\\n').replace(/\t/g,'\\t')+"');}return __p.join('');");return fn;};"""

MIME_TYPES = {
    '.png': 'image/png',
    '.jpg': 'image/jpeg',
    '.jpeg': 'image/jpeg',
    '.gif': 'image/gif',
    '.tif': 'image/tiff',
    '.tiff': 'image/tiff',
    '.ttf': 'font/truetype',
    '.otf': 'font/opentype',
    '.woff': 'font/woff'
}
EMBED_EXTS = MIME_TYPES.keys()


## ... source file abbreviated to get to force_text examples ...


    def embeddable(self, path, variant):
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
        font = ext in FONT_EXTS
        if not variant:
            return False
        if not (re.search(settings.EMBED_PATH, path.replace('\\', '/')) and self.storage.exists(path)):
            return False
        if ext not in EMBED_EXTS:
            return False
        if not (font or len(self.encoded_content(path)) < settings.EMBED_MAX_IMAGE_SIZE):
            return False
        return True

    def with_data_uri(self, css):
        def datauri(match):
            path = match.group(1)
            mime_type = self.mime_type(path)
            data = self.encoded_content(path)
            return f"url(\"data:{mime_type};charset=utf-8;base64,{data}\")"
        return re.sub(URL_REPLACER, datauri, css)

    def encoded_content(self, path):
        if path in self.__class__.asset_contents:
            return self.__class__.asset_contents[path]
        data = self.read_bytes(path)
        self.__class__.asset_contents[path] = force_text(base64.b64encode(data))
        return self.__class__.asset_contents[path]

    def mime_type(self, path):
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
        return MIME_TYPES[ext]

    def absolute_path(self, path, start):
        if posixpath.isabs(path):
            path = posixpath.join(staticfiles_storage.location, path)
        else:
            path = posixpath.join(start, path)
        return posixpath.normpath(path)

    def relative_path(self, absolute_path, output_filename):
        absolute_path = posixpath.join(settings.PIPELINE_ROOT, absolute_path)
        output_path = posixpath.join(settings.PIPELINE_ROOT, posixpath.dirname(output_filename))
        return relpath(absolute_path, output_path)

    def read_bytes(self, path):
        file = staticfiles_storage.open(path)
        content = file.read()
        file.close()
        return content

    def read_text(self, path):
        content = self.read_bytes(path)
        return force_text(content)


class CompressorBase(object):
    def __init__(self, verbose):
        self.verbose = verbose

    def filter_css(self, css):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def filter_js(self, js):
        raise NotImplementedError


class SubProcessCompressor(CompressorBase):
    def execute_command(self, command, content):
        argument_list = []
        for flattening_arg in command:
            if isinstance(flattening_arg, (str,)):
                argument_list.append(flattening_arg)
            else:
                argument_list.extend(flattening_arg)

        pipe = subprocess.Popen(argument_list, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        if content:
            content = smart_bytes(content)
        stdout, stderr = pipe.communicate(content)
        set_std_streams_blocking()
        if stderr.strip() and pipe.returncode != 0:
            raise CompressorError(stderr)
        elif self.verbose:
            print(stderr)
        return force_text(stdout)


class NoopCompressor(CompressorBase):
    def compress_js(self, js):
        return js

    def compress_css(self, css):
        return css



## ... source file continues with no further force_text examples...
1. Introduction 2. Development Environments 3. Data 4. Web Development 5. Deployment 6. DevOps Changelog What Full Stack Means About the Author Future Directions Page Statuses Django ExtensionsDjango Example Codedjango.apps.config AppConfigdjango.conf settingsdjango.conf.urls.urldjango.contrib.admindjango.contrib.admin.filters SimpleListFilterdjango.contrib.admin.sites registerdjango.contrib.admin helpersdjango.contrib.admin.helpers ActionFormdjango.contrib.admin.helpers AdminFormdjango.contrib.admin.options IS_POPUP_VARdjango.contrib.admin.options IncorrectLookupParametersdjango.contrib.admin.options ModelAdmindjango.contrib.admin.options csrf_protect_mdjango.contrib.admin.sites NotRegistereddjango.contrib.admin.sites sitedjango.contrib.staticfiles findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseStorageFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders finddjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders get_findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles.handlers StaticFilesHandlerdjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage CachedStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage HashedFilesMixindjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage ManifestStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage StaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage staticfiles_storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.utils matches_patternsdjango.core cachedjango.core checksdjango.core exceptionsdjango.core maildjango.core managementdjango.core serializersdjango.core signalsdjango.core signingdjango.core validatorsdjango.core.exceptions DisallowedRedirectdjango.core.exceptions FieldDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions FieldErrordjango.core.exceptions MiddlewareNotUseddjango.core.exceptions NON_FIELD_ERRORSdjango.core.exceptions ObjectDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions PermissionDenieddjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousFileOperationdjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousMultipartFormdjango.core.exceptions ValidationErrordjango.db DEFAULT_DB_ALIASdjango.db DataErrordjango.db DatabaseErrordjango.db IntegrityErrordjango.db ProgrammingErrordjango.db connectiondjango.db connectionsdjango.db migrationsdjango.db modelsdjango.db routerdjango.db transactiondjango.db.backends utilsdjango.db.migrations RunPythondjango.db.migrations.autodetector MigrationAutodetectordjango.db.migrations.exceptions IrreversibleErrordjango.db.migrations.executor MigrationExecutordjango.db.migrations.loader MIGRATIONS_MODULE_NAMEdjango.db.migrations.loader MigrationLoaderdjango.db.migrations.operations.base Operationdjango.db.migrations.state ProjectStatedjango.db.models.query BaseIterabledjango.db.models.query EmptyQuerySetdjango.db.models.query ModelIterabledjango.db.models.query Prefetchdjango.db.models.query Qdjango.db.models.query QuerySetdjango.db.models.query prefetch_related_objectsdjango.db.models.query_utils DeferredAttributedjango.db.models.query_utils PathInfodjango.db.models.query_utils Qdjango.db.models.signals post_deletedjango.db.models.signals post_savedjango.db.models.signals pre_deletedjango.db.models.signals pre_savedjango.forms BaseFormdjango.forms CheckboxInputdjango.forms CheckboxSelectMultipledjango.forms DateInputdjango.forms Fielddjango.forms FileInputdjango.forms FilePathFielddjango.forms Formdjango.forms HiddenInputdjango.forms ImageFielddjango.forms Mediadjango.forms MediaDefiningClassdjango.forms ModelChoiceFielddjango.forms ModelFormdjango.forms ModelMultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms MultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms Selectdjango.forms SelectMultipledjango.forms ValidationErrordjango.shortcuts get_list_or_404django.shortcuts get_object_or_404django.shortcuts redirectdjango.shortcuts renderdjango.shortcuts resolve_urldjango.template Contextdjango.template.base Contextdjango.template loaderdjango.template.base FilterExpressiondjango.template.base Nodedjango.template.base NodeListdjango.template.base Parserdjango.template.base Templatedjango.template.base TemplateSyntaxErrordjango.template.base TextNodedjango.template.base Tokendjango.template.base TokenTypedjango.template.base VariableDoesNotExistdjango.template.base VariableNodedjango.template.base token_kwargsdjango.template.context Contextdjango.template.defaultfilters escapedjango.template.defaultfilters filesizeformatdjango.template.defaultfilters safedjango.template.defaultfilters slugifydjango.template.defaultfilters striptagsdjango.template.defaultfilters titledjango.template.defaultfilters truncatecharsdjango.template.loader get_templatedjango.template.loader render_to_stringdjango.template.loader select_templatedjango.template.loader_tags BlockNodedjango.template.loader_tags ExtendsNodedjango.template.loader_tags IncludeNodedjango.template.loaders.filesystem Loaderdjango.urls URLPatterndjango.urls URLResolverdjango.urls clear_url_cachesdjango.urls get_callabledjango.urls get_resolverdjango.urls get_script_prefixdjango.urls includedjango.urls re_pathdjango.urls register_converterdjango.urls resolvedjango.urls reversedjango.utils dateformatdjango.utils dateparsedjango.utils datetime_safedjango.utils formatsdjango.utils module_loadingdjango.utils termcolorsdjango.utils translationdjango.utils treedjango.utils.cache add_never_cache_headersdjango.utils.cache cc_delim_redjango.utils.cache patch_cache_controldjango.utils.cache patch_response_headersdjango.utils.cache patch_vary_headersdjango.utils.crypto constant_time_comparedjango.utils.crypto get_random_stringdjango.utils.datastructures MultiValueDictdjango.utils.dateparse parse_datetimedjango.utils.dateparse parse_durationdjango.utils.dates MONTHSdjango.utils.datetime_safe datetimedjango.utils.decorators method_decoratordjango.utils.deprecation MiddlewareMixindjango.utils.deprecation RenameMethodsBasedjango.utils.duration duration_stringdjango.utils.encoding DjangoUnicodeDecodeErrordjango.utils.encoding filepath_to_uridjango.utils.encoding force_bytesdjango.utils.encoding force_strdjango.utils.encoding force_textdjango.utils.encoding iri_to_uridjango.utils.encoding is_protected_typedjango.utils.encoding smart_bytesdjango.utils.encoding smart_strdjango.utils.encoding smart_textdjango.utils.encoding uri_to_iridjango.utils.formats get_formatdjango.utils.formats localize_inputdjango.utils.formats sanitize_separatorsdjango.utils.functional LazyObjectdjango.utils.functional Promisedjango.utils.functional SimpleLazyObjectdjango.utils.functional keep_lazydjango.utils.functional lazydjango.utils.functional total_orderingdjango.utils.functional wrapsdjango.utils.html conditional_escapedjango.utils.html escapedjango.utils.html escapejsdjango.utils.html format_html_joindjango.utils.html mark_safedjango.utils.html smart_urlquotedjango.utils.html strip_tagsdjango.utils.http base36_to_intdjango.utils.http http_datedjango.utils.http int_to_base36django.utils.http is_safe_urldjango.utils.http unquotedjango.utils.http url_has_allowed_host_and_schemedjango.utils.http urlencodedjango.utils.http urlquotedjango.utils.http urlunquotedjango.utils.ipv6 clean_ipv6_addressdjango.utils.itercompat is_iterabledjango.utils.module_loading autodiscover_modulesdjango.utils.module_loading import_stringdjango.utils.module_loading module_has_submoduledjango.utils.numberformat formatdjango.utils.safestring SafeDatadjango.utils.safestring SafeTextdjango.utils.safestring mark_safedjango.utils.termcolors colorizedjango.utils.text Truncatordjango.utils.text capfirstdjango.utils.text format_lazydjango.utils.text get_text_listdjango.utils.text get_valid_filenamedjango.utils.text slugifydjango.utils.timezone get_current_timezonedjango.utils.timezone make_awaredjango.utils.timezone nowdjango.utils.timezone timedeltadjango.utils.translation LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEYdjango.utils.translation activatedjango.utils.translation deactivate_alldjango.utils.translation get_languagedjango.utils.translation get_language_from_requestdjango.utils.translation gettextdjango.utils.translation gettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ngettextdjango.utils.translation overridedjango.utils.translation pgettextdjango.utils.translation pgettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ugettextdjango.utils.translation ugettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ungettextdjango.utils.translation ungettext_lazydjango.utils.version get_complete_versiondjango.views csrfdjango.views.debug get_default_exception_reporter_filterdjango.views.decorators.csrf csrf_exemptdjango.views.decorators.debug sensitive_post_parametersdjango.views.decorators.http require_GETdjango.views.decorators.http require_POSTdjango.views.generic CreateViewdjango.views.generic DeleteViewdjango.views.generic DetailViewdjango.views.generic FormViewdjango.views.generic ListViewdjango.views.generic RedirectViewdjango.views.generic TemplateViewdjango.views.generic UpdateViewdjango.views.generic Viewdjango.views.generic.base RedirectViewdjango.views.generic.base TemplateResponseMixindjango.views.generic.base TemplateViewdjango.views.generic.base Viewdjango.views.generic.detail SingleObjectMixindjango.views.generic.edit CreateViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeleteViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeletionMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormViewdjango.views.generic.list ListViewdjango.views.generic.list MultipleObjectMixindjango.views.i18n JavaScriptCatalogdjango.views.static servedjango.views.static was_modified_sincedjango.contrib.auth.decorators login_requireddjango.contrib.auth get_user_modeldjango.contrib.auth.hashers make_passworddjango.core.exceptions ImproperlyConfigureddjango.core.mail.messages EmailMessagedjango.core.mail.send_maildjango.core.management.base BaseCommanddjango.db.models AutoFielddjango.db.models BooleanFielddjango.db.models CharFielddjango.db.models DateFielddjango.db.models DateTimeFielddjango.db.models FileFielddjango.db.models ForeignKeydjango.db.models GenericIPAddressFielddjango.db.models ImageFielddjango.db.models IntegerFielddjango.db.models Modeldjango.db.models PositiveIntegerFielddjango.db.models PositiveSmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models.signaldjango.db.models SlugFielddjango.db.models SmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models TextFielddjango.db OperationalErrordjango.dispatch Signaldjango.formsdjango.forms BooleanFielddjango.forms CharFielddjango.forms ChoiceFielddjango.forms DateFielddjango.forms DateTimeFielddjango.forms EmailFielddjango.forms IntegerFielddjango.forms TypedChoiceFielddjango.http Http404django.http HttpResponsedjango.http HttpResponseBadRequestdjango.http HttpResponseForbiddendjango.http HttpResponseNotModifieddjango.http HttpResponsePermanentRedirectdjango.http HttpResponseRedirectdjango.template.response SimpleTemplateResponsedjango.template.response TemplateResponsedjango.urls.pathdjango.urls reverse_lazydjango.urls.exceptions NoReverseMatchdjango.urls.exceptions Resolver404django.utils.html format_htmldjango.utils.timezone ...or view the full table of contents.

Full Stack Python

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Matt Makai 2012-2022