django.http HttpResponseBadRequest Python Code Examples

HttpResponseBadRequest (source code) returns the HTTP 400 status code from a Django web application view. The HTTP 400 status code indicates that a request could not be understood by the server because of to malformed syntax and the request should be modified before being resent to the server.

Example 1 from django-angular

django-angular (project examples website) is a library with helper code to make it easier to use Angular as the front-end to Django projects. The code for django-angular is open source under the MIT license.

django-angular / djng / views / mixins.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import warnings
from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
from django.http import (HttpResponse, HttpResponseBadRequest, 
                         HttpResponseForbidden)


def allow_remote_invocation(func, method='auto'):
    """
    All methods which shall be callable through a given Ajax 'action' must be
    decorated with @allowed_action. This is required for safety reasons. It
    inhibits the caller to invoke all available methods of a class.
    """
    setattr(func, 'allow_rmi', method)
    return func


## ... source code abbreviated to get to the example ...


class JSONResponseMixin(JSONBaseMixin):
    """
    A mixin for View classes that dispatches requests containing 
    the private HTTP header ``DjNg-Remote-Method`` onto a method of an 
    instance of this class, with the given method name. This named method 
    must be decorated with ``@allow_remote_invocation`` and shall return a
    list or dictionary which is serializable to JSON.
    The returned HTTP responses are of 
    kind ``application/json;charset=UTF-8``.
    """
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        if not request.is_ajax():
            return self._dispatch_super(request, *args, **kwargs)
        if 'action' in kwargs:
            warnings.warn("Using the keyword 'action' in URLresolvers is "
                          "deprecated. Please use 'invoke_method' instead", 
                          DeprecationWarning)
            remote_method = kwargs['action']
        else:
            remote_method = kwargs.get('invoke_method')
        if remote_method:
            # method for invocation is determined programmatically
            handler = getattr(self, remote_method)
        else:
            # method for invocation is determined by HTTP header
            remote_method = request.META.get('HTTP_DJNG_REMOTE_METHOD')
            handler = remote_method and getattr(self, remote_method, None)
            if not callable(handler):
                return self._dispatch_super(request, *args, **kwargs)
            if not hasattr(handler, 'allow_rmi'):
                return HttpResponseForbidden("Method '{0}.{1}' has no "
                                             "decorator '@allow_remote_"
                                             "invocation'"
                                             .format(self.__class__.__name__, 
                                                     remote_method))
        try:
            response_data = handler()
        except JSONResponseException as e:
            return self.json_response({'message': e.args[0]}, e.status_code)
        return self.json_response(response_data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        if not request.is_ajax():
            return self._dispatch_super(request, *args, **kwargs)
        try:
            in_data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
        except ValueError:
            in_data = request.body.decode('utf-8')
        if 'action' in in_data:
            warnings.warn("Using the keyword 'action' inside the payload "
                          "is deprecated. Please use 'djangoRMI' from "
                          "module 'djng.forms'", DeprecationWarning)
            remote_method = in_data.pop('action')
        else:
            remote_method = request.META.get('HTTP_DJNG_REMOTE_METHOD')
        handler = remote_method and getattr(self, remote_method, None)
        if not callable(handler):
            return self._dispatch_super(request, *args, **kwargs)
        if not hasattr(handler, 'allow_rmi'):
            return HttpResponseForbidden("Method '{0}.{1}' has no decorator "
                                         "'@allow_remote_invocation'"
                                         .format(self.__class__.__name__, 
                                                 remote_method), 403)
        try:
            response_data = handler(in_data)
        except JSONResponseException as e:
            return self.json_response({'message': e.args[0]}, e.status_code)
        return self.json_response(response_data)

    def _dispatch_super(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        base = super(JSONResponseMixin, self)
        handler = getattr(base, request.method.lower(), None)
        if callable(handler):
            return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
        # HttpResponseNotAllowed expects permitted methods.
        return HttpResponseBadRequest('This view can not handle method {0}'.\
                                      format(request.method), status=405)

Example 2 from django-cms

django-cms (project website) is a Python-based content management system (CMS) library for use with Django web apps that is open sourced under the BSD 3-Clause "New" license.

django-cms / cms / tests / test_admin.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import datetime

from djangocms_text_ckeditor.cms_plugins import TextPlugin
from djangocms_text_ckeditor.models import Text
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry
from django.contrib.admin.sites import site
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
from django.urls import reverse
from django.http import (Http404, HttpResponseBadRequest,
                         HttpResponseNotFound)
from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_str
from django.utils import timezone

from cms import api
from cms.api import create_page, create_title, add_plugin, publish_page
from cms.admin.pageadmin import PageAdmin
from cms.constants import TEMPLATE_INHERITANCE_MAGIC
from cms.models import StaticPlaceholder
from cms.models.pagemodel import Page, PageType
from cms.models.permissionmodels import GlobalPagePermission, PagePermission
from cms.models.placeholdermodel import Placeholder
from cms.models.pluginmodel import CMSPlugin
from cms.models.titlemodels import Title
from cms.test_utils import testcases as base
from cms.test_utils.testcases import (
    CMSTestCase, URL_CMS_PAGE_DELETE, URL_CMS_PAGE,URL_CMS_TRANSLATION_DELETE,
    URL_CMS_PAGE_CHANGE_LANGUAGE, URL_CMS_PAGE_CHANGE,
    URL_CMS_PAGE_PUBLISHED,
)
from cms.utils.conf import get_cms_setting
from cms.utils.urlutils import admin_reverse


class AdminTestsBase(CMSTestCase):
    @property
    def admin_class(self):
        return site._registry[Page]

    def _get_guys(self, admin_only=False, use_global_permissions=True):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()

        if admin_only:
            return admin_user
        staff_user = self._get_staff_user(use_global_permissions)
        return admin_user, staff_user

    def _get_staff_user(self, use_global_permissions=True):
        USERNAME = 'test'

        if get_user_model().USERNAME_FIELD == 'email':
            normal_guy = get_user_model().objects.create_user(USERNAME, '[email protected]', '[email protected]')
        else:
            normal_guy = get_user_model().objects.create_user(USERNAME, '[email protected]', USERNAME)

        normal_guy.is_staff = True
        normal_guy.is_active = True
        perms = Permission.objects.filter(
            codename__in=['change_page', 'change_title', 'add_page', 'add_title', 'delete_page', 'delete_title']
        )
        normal_guy.save()
        normal_guy.user_permissions.set(perms)
        if use_global_permissions:
            gpp = GlobalPagePermission.objects.create(
                user=normal_guy,
                can_change=True,
                can_delete=True,
                can_change_advanced_settings=False,
                can_publish=True,
                can_change_permissions=False,
                can_move_page=True,
            )
            gpp.sites.set(Site.objects.all())
        return normal_guy


class AdminTestCase(AdminTestsBase):

    def test_extension_not_in_admin(self):
        admin_user, staff = self._get_guys()
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            request = self.get_request(URL_CMS_PAGE_CHANGE % 1, 'en',)
            response = site.index(request)
            self.assertNotContains(response, '/mytitleextension/')
            self.assertNotContains(response, '/mypageextension/')

    def test_2apphooks_with_same_namespace(self):
        PAGE1 = 'Test Page'
        PAGE2 = 'Test page 2'
        APPLICATION_URLS = 'project.sampleapp.urls'

        admin_user, normal_guy = self._get_guys()

        current_site = Site.objects.get(pk=1)

        # The admin creates the page
        page = create_page(PAGE1, "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           site=current_site, created_by=admin_user)
        page2 = create_page(PAGE2, "nav_playground.html", "en",
                            site=current_site, created_by=admin_user)

        page.application_urls = APPLICATION_URLS
        page.application_namespace = "space1"
        page.save()
        page2.application_urls = APPLICATION_URLS
        page2.save()

        # The admin edits the page (change the page name for ex.)
        page_data = {
            'title': PAGE2,
            'slug': page2.get_slug(),
            'template': page2.template,
            'application_urls': 'SampleApp',
            'application_namespace': 'space1',
        }

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            resp = self.client.post(base.URL_CMS_PAGE_ADVANCED_CHANGE % page.pk, page_data)
            self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 302)
            self.assertEqual(Page.objects.filter(application_namespace="space1").count(), 1)
            resp = self.client.post(base.URL_CMS_PAGE_ADVANCED_CHANGE % page2.pk, page_data)
            self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200)
            page_data['application_namespace'] = 'space2'
            resp = self.client.post(base.URL_CMS_PAGE_ADVANCED_CHANGE % page2.pk, page_data)
            self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 302)

    def test_delete(self):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()
        create_page("home", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           created_by=admin_user, published=True)
        page = create_page("delete-page", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           created_by=admin_user, published=True)
        create_page('child-page', "nav_playground.html", "en",
                    created_by=admin_user, published=True, parent=page)
        body = page.placeholders.get(slot='body')
        add_plugin(body, 'TextPlugin', 'en', body='text')
        page.publish('en')
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            data = {'post': 'yes'}
            response = self.client.post(URL_CMS_PAGE_DELETE % page.pk, data)
            self.assertRedirects(response, URL_CMS_PAGE)

    def test_delete_diff_language(self):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()
        create_page("home", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           created_by=admin_user, published=True)
        page = create_page("delete-page", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           created_by=admin_user, published=True)
        create_page('child-page', "nav_playground.html", "de",
                    created_by=admin_user, published=True, parent=page)
        body = page.placeholders.get(slot='body')
        add_plugin(body, 'TextPlugin', 'en', body='text')
        page.publish('en')
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            data = {'post': 'yes'}
            response = self.client.post(URL_CMS_PAGE_DELETE % page.pk, data)
            self.assertRedirects(response, URL_CMS_PAGE)

    def test_search_fields(self):
        superuser = self.get_superuser()
        from django.contrib.admin import site

        with self.login_user_context(superuser):
            for model, admin_instance in site._registry.items():
                if model._meta.app_label != 'cms':
                    continue
                if not admin_instance.search_fields:
                    continue
                url = admin_reverse('cms_%s_changelist' % model._meta.model_name)
                response = self.client.get('%s?q=1' % url)
                errmsg = response.content
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200, errmsg)

    def test_pagetree_filtered(self):
        superuser = self.get_superuser()
        create_page("root-page", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                    created_by=superuser, published=True)
        with self.login_user_context(superuser):
            url = admin_reverse('cms_page_changelist')
            response = self.client.get('%s?template__exact=nav_playground.html' % url)
            errmsg = response.content
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200, errmsg)

    def test_delete_translation(self):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()
        page = create_page("delete-page-translation", "nav_playground.html", "en",
                           created_by=admin_user, published=True)
        create_title("de", "delete-page-translation-2", page, slug="delete-page-translation-2")
        create_title("es-mx", "delete-page-translation-es", page, slug="delete-page-translation-es")
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.get(URL_CMS_TRANSLATION_DELETE % page.pk, {'language': 'de'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            response = self.client.post(URL_CMS_TRANSLATION_DELETE % page.pk, {'language': 'de'})
            self.assertRedirects(response, URL_CMS_PAGE)
            response = self.client.get(URL_CMS_TRANSLATION_DELETE % page.pk, {'language': 'es-mx'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            response = self.client.post(URL_CMS_TRANSLATION_DELETE % page.pk, {'language': 'es-mx'})
            self.assertRedirects(response, URL_CMS_PAGE)

    def test_change_dates(self):
        admin_user, staff = self._get_guys()

        with self.settings(USE_TZ=False, TIME_ZONE='UTC'):

            page = create_page('test-page', 'nav_playground.html', 'en')
            page.publish('en')
            draft = page.get_draft_object()

            original_date = draft.publication_date
            original_end_date = draft.publication_end_date
            new_date = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
            new_end_date = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
            url = admin_reverse('cms_page_dates', args=(draft.pk,))
            with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
                response = self.client.post(url, {
                    'publication_date_0': new_date.date(),
                    'publication_date_1': new_date.strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
                    'publication_end_date_0': new_end_date.date(),
                    'publication_end_date_1': new_end_date.strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
                })
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
                draft = Page.objects.get(pk=draft.pk)
                self.assertNotEqual(draft.publication_date.timetuple(), original_date.timetuple())
                self.assertEqual(draft.publication_date.timetuple(), new_date.timetuple())
                self.assertEqual(draft.publication_end_date.timetuple(), new_end_date.timetuple())
                if original_end_date:
                    self.assertNotEqual(draft.publication_end_date.timetuple(), original_end_date.timetuple())

        with self.settings(USE_TZ=True, TIME_ZONE='UTC'):

            page = create_page('test-page-2', 'nav_playground.html', 'en')
            page.publish('en')
            draft = page.get_draft_object()

            original_date = draft.publication_date
            original_end_date = draft.publication_end_date
            new_date = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
            new_end_date = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()) + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
            url = admin_reverse('cms_page_dates', args=(draft.pk,))
            with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
                response = self.client.post(url, {
                    'language': 'en',
                    'publication_date_0': new_date.date(),
                    'publication_date_1': new_date.strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
                    'publication_end_date_0': new_end_date.date(),
                    'publication_end_date_1': new_end_date.strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
                })
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
                draft = Page.objects.get(pk=draft.pk)
                self.assertNotEqual(draft.publication_date.timetuple(), original_date.timetuple())
                self.assertEqual(timezone.localtime(draft.publication_date).timetuple(), new_date.timetuple())
                self.assertEqual(timezone.localtime(draft.publication_end_date).timetuple(), new_end_date.timetuple())
                if original_end_date:
                    self.assertNotEqual(draft.publication_end_date.timetuple(), original_end_date.timetuple())

    def test_change_template(self):
        template = get_cms_setting('TEMPLATES')[0][0]
        admin_user, staff = (self.get_superuser(), self.get_staff_user_with_no_permissions())

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.post(
                self.get_admin_url(Page, 'change_template', 1),
                {'template': template}
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

        with self.login_user_context(staff):
            response = self.client.post(
                self.get_admin_url(Page, 'change_template', 1),
                {'template': template}
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

        page = create_page('test-page', template, 'en')

        with self.login_user_context(staff):
            response = self.client.post(
                self.get_admin_url(Page, 'change_template', page.pk),
                {'template': template}
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.post(
                self.get_admin_url(Page, 'change_template', page.pk),
                {'template': 'doesntexist'}
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400)
            response = self.client.post(
                self.get_admin_url(Page, 'change_template', page.pk),
                {'template': template}
            )
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_changelist_items(self):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()
        first_level_page = create_page('level1', 'nav_playground.html', 'en')
        second_level_page_top = create_page('level21', "nav_playground.html", "en",
                                            created_by=admin_user, published=True, parent=first_level_page)
        second_level_page_bottom = create_page('level22', "nav_playground.html", "en",
                                               created_by=admin_user, published=True,
                                               parent=self.reload(first_level_page))
        third_level_page = create_page('level3', "nav_playground.html", "en",
                                       created_by=admin_user, published=True, parent=second_level_page_top)
        self.assertEqual(Page.objects.all().count(), 4)

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.get(self.get_admin_url(Page, 'changelist'))
            cms_page_nodes = response.context_data['tree']['items']
            self.assertEqual(cms_page_nodes[0], first_level_page)
            self.assertEqual(cms_page_nodes[1], second_level_page_top)
            self.assertEqual(cms_page_nodes[2], third_level_page)
            self.assertEqual(cms_page_nodes[3], second_level_page_bottom)

    def test_changelist_get_results(self):
        admin_user = self.get_superuser()
        first_level_page = create_page('level1', 'nav_playground.html', 'en', published=True)
        second_level_page_top = create_page('level21', "nav_playground.html", "en",
                                            created_by=admin_user, published=True,
                                            parent=first_level_page)
        second_level_page_bottom = create_page('level22', "nav_playground.html", "en", # nopyflakes
                                               created_by=admin_user, published=True,
                                               parent=self.reload(first_level_page))
        third_level_page = create_page('level3', "nav_playground.html", "en", # nopyflakes
                                       created_by=admin_user, published=True,
                                       parent=second_level_page_top)
        fourth_level_page = create_page('level23', "nav_playground.html", "en", # nopyflakes
                                        created_by=admin_user,
                                        parent=self.reload(first_level_page))
        self.assertEqual(Page.objects.all().count(), 9)
        endpoint = self.get_admin_url(Page, 'changelist')

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.get(endpoint)
            self.assertEqual(response.context_data['tree']['items'].count(), 5)

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.get(endpoint + '?q=level23')
            self.assertEqual(response.context_data['tree']['items'].count(), 1)

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.get(endpoint + '?q=level2')
            self.assertEqual(response.context_data['tree']['items'].count(), 3)

    def test_unihandecode_doesnt_break_404_in_admin(self):
        self.get_superuser()

        if get_user_model().USERNAME_FIELD == 'email':
            self.client.login(username='[email protected]', password='[email protected]')
        else:
            self.client.login(username='admin', password='admin')

        response = self.client.get(URL_CMS_PAGE_CHANGE_LANGUAGE % (1, 'en'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_empty_placeholder_with_nested_plugins(self):
        # It's important that this test clears a placeholder
        # which only has nested plugins.
        # This allows us to catch a strange bug that happened
        # under these conditions with the new related name handling.
        page_en = create_page("EmptyPlaceholderTestPage (EN)", "nav_playground.html", "en")
        ph = page_en.placeholders.get(slot="body")

        column_wrapper = add_plugin(ph, "MultiColumnPlugin", "en")

        add_plugin(ph, "ColumnPlugin", "en", parent=column_wrapper)
        add_plugin(ph, "ColumnPlugin", "en", parent=column_wrapper)

        # before cleaning the de placeholder
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('en').count(), 3)

        admin_user, staff = self._get_guys()
        endpoint = self.get_clear_placeholder_url(ph, language='en')

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.post(endpoint, {'test': 0})

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        # After cleaning the de placeholder, en placeholder must still have all the plugins
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('en').count(), 0)

    def test_empty_placeholder_in_correct_language(self):
        """
        Test that Cleaning a placeholder only affect current language contents
        """
        # create some objects
        page_en = create_page("EmptyPlaceholderTestPage (EN)", "nav_playground.html", "en")
        ph = page_en.placeholders.get(slot="body")

        # add the text plugin to the en version of the page
        add_plugin(ph, "TextPlugin", "en", body="Hello World EN 1")
        add_plugin(ph, "TextPlugin", "en", body="Hello World EN 2")

        # creating a de title of the page and adding plugins to it
        create_title("de", page_en.get_title(), page_en, slug=page_en.get_slug())
        add_plugin(ph, "TextPlugin", "de", body="Hello World DE")
        add_plugin(ph, "TextPlugin", "de", body="Hello World DE 2")
        add_plugin(ph, "TextPlugin", "de", body="Hello World DE 3")

        # before cleaning the de placeholder
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('en').count(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('de').count(), 3)

        admin_user, staff = self._get_guys()
        endpoint = self.get_clear_placeholder_url(ph, language='de')

        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            response = self.client.post(endpoint, {'test': 0})

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

        # After cleaning the de placeholder, en placeholder must still have all the plugins
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('en').count(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(ph.get_plugins('de').count(), 0)


class AdminTests(AdminTestsBase):
    # TODO: needs tests for actual permissions, not only superuser/normaluser

    def setUp(self):
        self.page = create_page("testpage", "nav_playground.html", "en")

    def get_admin(self):
        User = get_user_model()

        fields = dict(email="[email protected]", is_staff=True, is_superuser=True)

        if (User.USERNAME_FIELD != 'email'):
            fields[User.USERNAME_FIELD] = "admin"

        usr = User(**fields)
        usr.set_password(getattr(usr, User.USERNAME_FIELD))
        usr.save()
        return usr

    def get_permless(self):
        User = get_user_model()

        fields = dict(email="[email protected]", is_staff=True)

        if (User.USERNAME_FIELD != 'email'):
            fields[User.USERNAME_FIELD] = "permless"

        usr = User(**fields)
        usr.set_password(getattr(usr, User.USERNAME_FIELD))
        usr.save()
        return usr

    def get_page(self):
        return self.page

    def test_change_publish_unpublish(self):
        page = self.get_page()
        permless = self.get_permless()
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request()
            response = self.admin_class.publish_page(request, page.pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 405)
            page = self.reload(page)
            self.assertFalse(page.is_published('en'))

            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            response = self.admin_class.publish_page(request, page.pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
            page = self.reload(page)
            self.assertFalse(page.is_published('en'))

        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            response = self.admin_class.publish_page(request, page.pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

            page = self.reload(page)
            self.assertTrue(page.is_published('en'))

            response = self.admin_class.unpublish(request, page.pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

            page = self.reload(page)
            self.assertFalse(page.is_published('en'))

    def test_change_status_adds_log_entry(self):
        page = self.get_page()
        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            self.assertFalse(LogEntry.objects.count())
            response = self.admin_class.publish_page(request, page.pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertEqual(1, LogEntry.objects.count())
            self.assertEqual(page.pk, int(LogEntry.objects.all()[0].object_id))

    def test_change_innavigation(self):
        page = self.get_page()
        permless = self.get_permless()
        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request()
            response = self.admin_class.change_innavigation(request, page.pk)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 405)
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            response = self.admin_class.change_innavigation(request, page.pk)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            self.assertRaises(Http404, self.admin_class.change_innavigation,
                              request, page.pk + 100)
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            response = self.admin_class.change_innavigation(request, page.pk)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            request = self.get_request(post_data={'no': 'data'})
            old = page.in_navigation
            response = self.admin_class.change_innavigation(request, page.pk)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 204)
            page = self.reload(page)
            self.assertEqual(old, not page.in_navigation)

    def test_publish_page_requires_perms(self):
        permless = self.get_permless()
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request()
            request.method = "POST"
            response = self.admin_class.publish_page(request, Page.objects.drafts().first().pk, "en")
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

    def test_remove_plugin_requires_post(self):
        ph = self.page.placeholders.all()[0]
        plugin = add_plugin(ph, 'TextPlugin', 'en', body='test')
        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            endpoint = self.get_delete_plugin_uri(plugin, container=self.page)
            response = self.client.get(endpoint)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_move_language(self):
        page = self.get_page()
        source, target = list(page.placeholders.all())[:2]
        col = add_plugin(source, 'MultiColumnPlugin', 'en')
        sub_col = add_plugin(source, 'ColumnPlugin', 'en', target=col)
        col2 = add_plugin(source, 'MultiColumnPlugin', 'de')

        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
            data = {
                'plugin_id': sub_col.pk,
                'placeholder_id': source.id,
                'plugin_parent': col2.pk,
                'target_language': 'de'
            }
            endpoint = self.get_move_plugin_uri(sub_col)
            response = self.client.post(endpoint, data)
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        sub_col = CMSPlugin.objects.get(pk=sub_col.pk)
        self.assertEqual(sub_col.language, "de")
        self.assertEqual(sub_col.parent_id, col2.pk)

    def test_preview_page(self):
        permless = self.get_permless()
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request()
            self.assertRaises(Http404, self.admin_class.preview_page, request, 404, "en")
        page = self.get_page()
        page.publish("en")
        page.set_as_homepage()

        new_site = Site.objects.create(id=2, domain='django-cms.org', name='django-cms')
        new_page = create_page("testpage", "nav_playground.html", "fr", site=new_site, published=True)

        base_url = page.get_absolute_url()
        with self.login_user_context(permless):
            request = self.get_request('/?public=true')
            response = self.admin_class.preview_page(request, page.pk, 'en')
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertEqual(response['Location'], '%s?%s&language=en' % (base_url, get_cms_setting('CMS_TOOLBAR_URL__EDIT_ON')))
            request = self.get_request()
            response = self.admin_class.preview_page(request, page.pk, 'en')
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertEqual(response['Location'], '%s?%s&language=en' % (base_url, get_cms_setting('CMS_TOOLBAR_URL__EDIT_ON')))

            # Switch active site
            request.session['cms_admin_site'] = new_site.pk

            # Preview page attached to active site but not to current site
            response = self.admin_class.preview_page(request, new_page.pk, 'fr')
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
            self.assertEqual(response['Location'],
                             'http://django-cms.org/fr/testpage/?%s&language=fr' % get_cms_setting('CMS_TOOLBAR_URL__EDIT_ON'))

    def test_too_many_plugins_global(self):
        conf = {
            'body': {
                'limits': {
                    'global': 1,
                },
            },
        }
        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        url = admin_reverse('cms_page_add_plugin')
        with self.settings(CMS_PERMISSION=False, CMS_PLACEHOLDER_CONF=conf):
            page = create_page('somepage', 'nav_playground.html', 'en')
            body = page.placeholders.get(slot='body')
            add_plugin(body, 'TextPlugin', 'en', body='text')
            with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
                data = {
                    'plugin_type': 'TextPlugin',
                    'placeholder_id': body.pk,
                    'target_language': 'en',
                }
                response = self.client.post(url, data)
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 
                                 HttpResponseBadRequest.status_code)

    def test_too_many_plugins_type(self):
        conf = {
            'body': {
                'limits': {
                    'TextPlugin': 1,
                },
            },
        }
        admin_user = self.get_admin()
        url = admin_reverse('cms_page_add_plugin')
        with self.settings(CMS_PERMISSION=False, CMS_PLACEHOLDER_CONF=conf):
            page = create_page('somepage', 'nav_playground.html', 'en')
            body = page.placeholders.get(slot='body')
            add_plugin(body, 'TextPlugin', 'en', body='text')
            with self.login_user_context(admin_user):
                data = {
                    'plugin_type': 'TextPlugin',
                    'placeholder_id': body.pk,
                    'target_language': 'en',
                    'plugin_parent': '',
                }
                response = self.client.post(url, data)
                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 
                                 HttpResponseBadRequest.status_code)


## ... source file continues with no further HttpResponseBadRequest examples ...

Example 3 from django-filer

django-filer (project documentation) is a file management library for uploading and organizing files and images in Django's admin interface. The project's code is available under the BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" open source license.

django-filer / filer / admin / views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.admin import widgets
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http.response import HttpResponseBadRequest
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from .. import settings as filer_settings
from ..models import Clipboard, Folder, FolderRoot, tools
from .tools import AdminContext, admin_url_params_encoded, popup_status


class NewFolderForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta(object):
        model = Folder
        fields = ('name',)
        widgets = {
            'name': widgets.AdminTextInputWidget,
        }


@login_required
def make_folder(request, folder_id=None):
    if not folder_id:
        folder_id = request.GET.get('parent_id')
    if not folder_id:
        folder_id = request.POST.get('parent_id')
    if folder_id:
        try:
            folder = Folder.objects.get(id=folder_id)
        except Folder.DoesNotExist:
            raise PermissionDenied
    else:
        folder = None

    if request.user.is_superuser:
        pass
    elif folder is None:
        # regular users may not add root folders unless configured otherwise
        if not filer_settings.FILER_ALLOW_REGULAR_USERS_TO_ADD_ROOT_FOLDERS:
            raise PermissionDenied
    elif not folder.has_add_children_permission(request):
        # the user does not have the permission to add subfolders
        raise PermissionDenied

    if request.method == 'POST':
        new_folder_form = NewFolderForm(request.POST)
        if new_folder_form.is_valid():
            new_folder = new_folder_form.save(commit=False)
            if (folder or FolderRoot()).contains_folder(new_folder.name):
                new_folder_form._errors['name'] = new_folder_form.error_class(
                    [_('Folder with this name already exists.')])
            else:
                context = admin.site.each_context(request)
                new_folder.parent = folder
                new_folder.owner = request.user
                new_folder.save()
                return render(request, 'admin/filer/dismiss_popup.html', context)
    else:
        new_folder_form = NewFolderForm()

    context = admin.site.each_context(request)
    context.update({
        'opts': Folder._meta,
        'new_folder_form': new_folder_form,
        'is_popup': popup_status(request),
        'filer_admin_context': AdminContext(request),
    })
    return render(request, 'admin/filer/folder/new_folder_form.html', context)


@login_required
def paste_clipboard_to_folder(request):
    if True:
        # TODO: cleanly remove Clipboard code if it is no longer needed
        return HttpResponseBadRequest('not implemented anymore')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        folder = Folder.objects.get(id=request.POST.get('folder_id'))
        clipboard = Clipboard.objects.get(id=request.POST.get('clipboard_id'))
        if folder.has_add_children_permission(request):
            tools.move_files_from_clipboard_to_folder(clipboard, folder)
            tools.discard_clipboard(clipboard)
        else:
            raise PermissionDenied
    redirect = request.GET.get('redirect_to', '')
    if not redirect:
        redirect = request.POST.get('redirect_to', '')
    return HttpResponseRedirect(
        '{0}?order_by=-modified_at{1}'.format(
            redirect,
            admin_url_params_encoded(request, first_separator='&'),
        )
    )


@login_required
def discard_clipboard(request):
    if True:
        # TODO: cleanly remove Clipboard code if it is no longer needed
        return HttpResponseBadRequest('not implemented anymore')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        clipboard = Clipboard.objects.get(id=request.POST.get('clipboard_id'))
        tools.discard_clipboard(clipboard)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(
        '{0}{1}'.format(
            request.POST.get('redirect_to', ''),
            admin_url_params_encoded(request, first_separator='&'),
        )
    )


@login_required
def delete_clipboard(request):
    if True:
        # TODO: cleanly remove Clipboard code if it is no longer needed
        return HttpResponseBadRequest('not implemented anymore')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        clipboard = Clipboard.objects.get(id=request.POST.get('clipboard_id'))
        tools.delete_clipboard(clipboard)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(
        '{0}{1}'.format(
            request.POST.get('redirect_to', ''),
            admin_url_params_encoded(request, first_separator='&'),
        )
    )
1. Introduction 2. Development Environments 3. Data 4. Web Development 5. Deployment 6. DevOps Changelog What Full Stack Means About the Author Future Directions Page Statuses Django ExtensionsDjango Example Codedjango.apps.config AppConfigdjango.conf settingsdjango.conf.urls.urldjango.contrib.admindjango.contrib.admin.filters SimpleListFilterdjango.contrib.admin.sites registerdjango.contrib.admin helpersdjango.contrib.admin.helpers ActionFormdjango.contrib.admin.helpers AdminFormdjango.contrib.admin.options IS_POPUP_VARdjango.contrib.admin.options IncorrectLookupParametersdjango.contrib.admin.options ModelAdmindjango.contrib.admin.options csrf_protect_mdjango.contrib.admin.sites NotRegistereddjango.contrib.admin.sites sitedjango.contrib.staticfiles findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders BaseStorageFinderdjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders finddjango.contrib.staticfiles.finders get_findersdjango.contrib.staticfiles.handlers StaticFilesHandlerdjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage CachedStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage HashedFilesMixindjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage ManifestStaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage StaticFilesStoragedjango.contrib.staticfiles.storage staticfiles_storagedjango.contrib.staticfiles.utils matches_patternsdjango.core cachedjango.core checksdjango.core exceptionsdjango.core maildjango.core managementdjango.core serializersdjango.core signalsdjango.core signingdjango.core validatorsdjango.core.exceptions DisallowedRedirectdjango.core.exceptions FieldDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions FieldErrordjango.core.exceptions MiddlewareNotUseddjango.core.exceptions NON_FIELD_ERRORSdjango.core.exceptions ObjectDoesNotExistdjango.core.exceptions PermissionDenieddjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousFileOperationdjango.core.exceptions SuspiciousMultipartFormdjango.core.exceptions ValidationErrordjango.db DEFAULT_DB_ALIASdjango.db DataErrordjango.db DatabaseErrordjango.db IntegrityErrordjango.db ProgrammingErrordjango.db connectiondjango.db connectionsdjango.db migrationsdjango.db modelsdjango.db routerdjango.db transactiondjango.db.backends utilsdjango.db.migrations RunPythondjango.db.migrations.autodetector MigrationAutodetectordjango.db.migrations.exceptions IrreversibleErrordjango.db.migrations.executor MigrationExecutordjango.db.migrations.loader MIGRATIONS_MODULE_NAMEdjango.db.migrations.loader MigrationLoaderdjango.db.migrations.operations.base Operationdjango.db.migrations.state ProjectStatedjango.db.models.query BaseIterabledjango.db.models.query EmptyQuerySetdjango.db.models.query ModelIterabledjango.db.models.query Prefetchdjango.db.models.query Qdjango.db.models.query QuerySetdjango.db.models.query prefetch_related_objectsdjango.db.models.query_utils DeferredAttributedjango.db.models.query_utils PathInfodjango.db.models.query_utils Qdjango.db.models.signals post_deletedjango.db.models.signals post_savedjango.db.models.signals pre_deletedjango.db.models.signals pre_savedjango.forms BaseFormdjango.forms CheckboxInputdjango.forms CheckboxSelectMultipledjango.forms DateInputdjango.forms Fielddjango.forms FileInputdjango.forms FilePathFielddjango.forms Formdjango.forms HiddenInputdjango.forms ImageFielddjango.forms Mediadjango.forms MediaDefiningClassdjango.forms ModelChoiceFielddjango.forms ModelFormdjango.forms ModelMultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms MultipleChoiceFielddjango.forms Selectdjango.forms SelectMultipledjango.forms ValidationErrordjango.shortcuts get_list_or_404django.shortcuts get_object_or_404django.shortcuts redirectdjango.shortcuts renderdjango.shortcuts resolve_urldjango.template Contextdjango.template.base Contextdjango.template loaderdjango.template.base FilterExpressiondjango.template.base Nodedjango.template.base NodeListdjango.template.base Parserdjango.template.base Templatedjango.template.base TemplateSyntaxErrordjango.template.base TextNodedjango.template.base Tokendjango.template.base TokenTypedjango.template.base VariableDoesNotExistdjango.template.base VariableNodedjango.template.base token_kwargsdjango.template.context Contextdjango.template.defaultfilters escapedjango.template.defaultfilters filesizeformatdjango.template.defaultfilters safedjango.template.defaultfilters slugifydjango.template.defaultfilters striptagsdjango.template.defaultfilters titledjango.template.defaultfilters truncatecharsdjango.template.loader get_templatedjango.template.loader render_to_stringdjango.template.loader select_templatedjango.template.loader_tags BlockNodedjango.template.loader_tags ExtendsNodedjango.template.loader_tags IncludeNodedjango.template.loaders.filesystem Loaderdjango.urls URLPatterndjango.urls URLResolverdjango.urls clear_url_cachesdjango.urls get_callabledjango.urls get_resolverdjango.urls get_script_prefixdjango.urls includedjango.urls re_pathdjango.urls register_converterdjango.urls resolvedjango.urls reversedjango.utils dateformatdjango.utils dateparsedjango.utils datetime_safedjango.utils formatsdjango.utils module_loadingdjango.utils termcolorsdjango.utils translationdjango.utils treedjango.utils.cache add_never_cache_headersdjango.utils.cache cc_delim_redjango.utils.cache patch_cache_controldjango.utils.cache patch_response_headersdjango.utils.cache patch_vary_headersdjango.utils.crypto constant_time_comparedjango.utils.crypto get_random_stringdjango.utils.datastructures MultiValueDictdjango.utils.dateparse parse_datetimedjango.utils.dateparse parse_durationdjango.utils.dates MONTHSdjango.utils.datetime_safe datetimedjango.utils.decorators method_decoratordjango.utils.deprecation MiddlewareMixindjango.utils.deprecation RenameMethodsBasedjango.utils.duration duration_stringdjango.utils.encoding DjangoUnicodeDecodeErrordjango.utils.encoding filepath_to_uridjango.utils.encoding force_bytesdjango.utils.encoding force_strdjango.utils.encoding force_textdjango.utils.encoding iri_to_uridjango.utils.encoding is_protected_typedjango.utils.encoding smart_bytesdjango.utils.encoding smart_strdjango.utils.encoding smart_textdjango.utils.encoding uri_to_iridjango.utils.formats get_formatdjango.utils.formats localize_inputdjango.utils.formats sanitize_separatorsdjango.utils.functional LazyObjectdjango.utils.functional Promisedjango.utils.functional SimpleLazyObjectdjango.utils.functional keep_lazydjango.utils.functional lazydjango.utils.functional total_orderingdjango.utils.functional wrapsdjango.utils.html conditional_escapedjango.utils.html escapedjango.utils.html escapejsdjango.utils.html format_html_joindjango.utils.html mark_safedjango.utils.html smart_urlquotedjango.utils.html strip_tagsdjango.utils.http base36_to_intdjango.utils.http http_datedjango.utils.http int_to_base36django.utils.http is_safe_urldjango.utils.http unquotedjango.utils.http url_has_allowed_host_and_schemedjango.utils.http urlencodedjango.utils.http urlquotedjango.utils.http urlunquotedjango.utils.ipv6 clean_ipv6_addressdjango.utils.itercompat is_iterabledjango.utils.module_loading autodiscover_modulesdjango.utils.module_loading import_stringdjango.utils.module_loading module_has_submoduledjango.utils.numberformat formatdjango.utils.safestring SafeDatadjango.utils.safestring SafeTextdjango.utils.safestring mark_safedjango.utils.termcolors colorizedjango.utils.text Truncatordjango.utils.text capfirstdjango.utils.text format_lazydjango.utils.text get_text_listdjango.utils.text get_valid_filenamedjango.utils.text slugifydjango.utils.timezone get_current_timezonedjango.utils.timezone make_awaredjango.utils.timezone nowdjango.utils.timezone timedeltadjango.utils.translation LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEYdjango.utils.translation activatedjango.utils.translation deactivate_alldjango.utils.translation get_languagedjango.utils.translation get_language_from_requestdjango.utils.translation gettextdjango.utils.translation gettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ngettextdjango.utils.translation overridedjango.utils.translation pgettextdjango.utils.translation pgettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ugettextdjango.utils.translation ugettext_lazydjango.utils.translation ungettextdjango.utils.translation ungettext_lazydjango.utils.version get_complete_versiondjango.views csrfdjango.views.debug get_default_exception_reporter_filterdjango.views.decorators.csrf csrf_exemptdjango.views.decorators.debug sensitive_post_parametersdjango.views.decorators.http require_GETdjango.views.decorators.http require_POSTdjango.views.generic CreateViewdjango.views.generic DeleteViewdjango.views.generic DetailViewdjango.views.generic FormViewdjango.views.generic ListViewdjango.views.generic RedirectViewdjango.views.generic TemplateViewdjango.views.generic UpdateViewdjango.views.generic Viewdjango.views.generic.base RedirectViewdjango.views.generic.base TemplateResponseMixindjango.views.generic.base TemplateViewdjango.views.generic.base Viewdjango.views.generic.detail SingleObjectMixindjango.views.generic.edit CreateViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeleteViewdjango.views.generic.edit DeletionMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormMixindjango.views.generic.edit FormViewdjango.views.generic.list ListViewdjango.views.generic.list MultipleObjectMixindjango.views.i18n JavaScriptCatalogdjango.views.static servedjango.views.static was_modified_sincedjango.contrib.auth.decorators login_requireddjango.contrib.auth get_user_modeldjango.contrib.auth.hashers make_passworddjango.core.exceptions ImproperlyConfigureddjango.core.mail.messages EmailMessagedjango.core.mail.send_maildjango.core.management.base BaseCommanddjango.db.models AutoFielddjango.db.models BooleanFielddjango.db.models CharFielddjango.db.models DateFielddjango.db.models DateTimeFielddjango.db.models FileFielddjango.db.models ForeignKeydjango.db.models GenericIPAddressFielddjango.db.models ImageFielddjango.db.models IntegerFielddjango.db.models Modeldjango.db.models PositiveIntegerFielddjango.db.models PositiveSmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models.signaldjango.db.models SlugFielddjango.db.models SmallIntegerFielddjango.db.models TextFielddjango.db OperationalErrordjango.dispatch Signaldjango.formsdjango.forms BooleanFielddjango.forms CharFielddjango.forms ChoiceFielddjango.forms DateFielddjango.forms DateTimeFielddjango.forms EmailFielddjango.forms IntegerFielddjango.forms TypedChoiceFielddjango.http Http404django.http HttpResponsedjango.http HttpResponseBadRequestdjango.http HttpResponseForbiddendjango.http HttpResponseNotModifieddjango.http HttpResponsePermanentRedirectdjango.http HttpResponseRedirectdjango.template.response SimpleTemplateResponsedjango.template.response TemplateResponsedjango.urls.pathdjango.urls reverse_lazydjango.urls.exceptions NoReverseMatchdjango.urls.exceptions Resolver404django.utils.html format_htmldjango.utils.timezone ...or view the full table of contents.

Full Stack Python

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