sqlalchemy.sql ClauseElement Example Code

ClauseElement is a class within the sqlalchemy.sql module of the SQLAlchemy project.

Select, column, expression, extract, functions, operators, schema, select, sqltypes, and table are several other callables with code examples from the same sqlalchemy.sql package.

Example 1 from databases

databases (project homepage and PyPI page provides asyncio support with an SQLALchemy Core interface for common relational databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite. This is handy for integrating with asynchronous I/O web frameworks like Sanic. The project is open sourced under the BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License.

databases / databases / interfaces.py

# interfaces.py
import typing

from sqlalchemy.sql import ClauseElement


class DatabaseBackend:
    async def connect(self) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover

    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover

    def connection(self) -> "ConnectionBackend":
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover


class ConnectionBackend:
    async def acquire(self) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover

    async def release(self) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover

    async def fetch_all(self, query: ClauseElement) -> typing.List[typing.Mapping]:
        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover

    async def fetch_one(self, query: ClauseElement) -> typing.Optional[typing.Mapping]:


## ... source file continues with no further ClauseElement examples...

Example 2 from GINO

GINO (project documentation and PyPI package information) is an object-relational mapper (ORM) built on SQLAlchemy that is non-blocking and therefore designed to work properly with asynchronously-run code, for example, an application written with asyncio.

GINO is open sourced under the BSD License.

GINO / src/gino / crud.py

# crud.py
import inspect
import itertools
import weakref

import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.sql import ClauseElement

from . import json_support
from .declarative import Model, InvertDict
from .exceptions import NoSuchRowError
from .loader import AliasLoader, ModelLoader

DEFAULT = object()


class _Create:
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        if instance is None:
            return owner._create_without_instance
        else:
            return instance._create


class _Query:
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        owner._check_abstract()
        q = sa.select([owner.__table__])
        if instance is not None:
            q = q.where(instance.lookup())
        return q.execution_options(model=weakref.ref(owner))


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ClauseElement examples ...


            owner._check_abstract()
            q = owner.__table__.delete()
            return q.execution_options(model=weakref.ref(owner))
        else:
            return instance._delete


class UpdateRequest:

    def __init__(self, instance: "CRUDModel"):
        self._instance = instance
        self._values = {}
        self._props = {}
        self._literal = True
        self._locator = None
        if instance.__table__ is not None:
            try:
                self._locator = instance.lookup()
            except LookupError:
                pass

    def _set(self, key, value):
        self._values[key] = value

    def _set_prop(self, prop, value):
        if isinstance(value, ClauseElement):
            self._literal = False
        self._props[prop] = value

    async def apply(self, bind=None, timeout=DEFAULT):
        if self._locator is None:
            raise TypeError(
                "Model {} has no table, primary key or custom lookup()".format(
                    self._instance.__class__.__name__
                )
            )
        cls = type(self._instance)
        values = self._values.copy()

        json_updates = {}
        for prop, value in self._props.items():
            value = prop.save(self._instance, value)
            updates = json_updates.setdefault(prop.prop_name, {})
            if self._literal:
                updates[prop.name] = value
            else:
                if isinstance(value, int):
                    value = sa.cast(value, sa.BigInteger)
                elif not isinstance(value, ClauseElement):
                    value = sa.cast(value, sa.Unicode)
                updates[sa.cast(prop.name, sa.Unicode)] = value
        for prop_name, updates in json_updates.items():
            prop = getattr(cls, prop_name)
            from .dialects.asyncpg import JSONB

            if isinstance(prop.type, JSONB):
                if self._literal:
                    values[prop_name] = prop.concat(updates)
                else:
                    values[prop_name] = prop.concat(
                        sa.func.jsonb_build_object(*itertools.chain(*updates.items()))
                    )
            else:
                raise TypeError(
                    "{} is not supported to update json "
                    "properties in Gino. Please consider using "
                    "JSONB.".format(prop.type)
                )

        opts = dict(return_model=False)
        if timeout is not DEFAULT:
            opts["timeout"] = timeout
        clause = (


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ClauseElement examples ...


        )
        if bind is None:
            bind = cls.__metadata__.bind
        row = await bind.first(clause)
        if not row:
            raise NoSuchRowError()
        for k, v in row.items():
            self._instance.__values__[self._instance._column_name_map.invert_get(k)] = v
        for prop in self._props:
            prop.reload(self._instance)
        return self

    def update(self, **values):

        cls = type(self._instance)
        for key, value in values.items():
            prop = cls.__dict__.get(key)
            if isinstance(prop, json_support.JSONProperty):
                value_from = "__profile__"
                method = self._set_prop
                k = prop
            else:
                value_from = "__values__"
                method = self._set
                k = key
            if not isinstance(value, ClauseElement):
                setattr(self._instance, key, value)
                value = getattr(self._instance, value_from)[key]
            method(k, value)
        return self


class Alias:

    def __init__(self, model, *args, **kwargs):
        model._check_abstract()
        self.model = model
        self.alias = model.__table__.alias(*args, **kwargs)

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        rv = getattr(
            self.alias.columns,
            item,
            getattr(self.alias, item, getattr(self.model, item, DEFAULT)),
        )
        if rv is DEFAULT:
            raise AttributeError
        return rv

    def __iter__(self):


## ... source file continues with no further ClauseElement examples...
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