sqlalchemy.orm.properties ColumnProperty Example Code

ColumnProperty is a class within the sqlalchemy.orm.properties module of the SQLAlchemy project.

RelationshipProperty is another callable from the sqlalchemy.orm.properties package with code examples.

Example 1 from sqlalchemy-utils

sqlalchemy-utils (project documentation and PyPI package information) is a code library with various helper functions and new data types that make it easier to use SQLAlchemy when building projects that involve more specific storage requirements such as currency. The wide array of data types includes ranged values and aggregated attributes.

sqlalchemy-utils / sqlalchemy_utils / functions / orm.py

# orm.py
from collections import OrderedDict
from functools import partial
from inspect import isclass
from operator import attrgetter

import six
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces import Dialect
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapperlib
from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import UnmappedInstanceError
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import ColumnProperty, RelationshipProperty
from sqlalchemy.orm.query import _ColumnEntity
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import object_session
from sqlalchemy.orm.util import AliasedInsp

from ..utils import is_sequence


def get_class_by_table(base, table, data=None):
    found_classes = set(
        c for c in base._decl_class_registry.values()
        if hasattr(c, '__table__') and c.__table__ is table
    )
    if len(found_classes) > 1:
        if not data:
            raise ValueError(
                "Multiple declarative classes found for table '{0}'. "
                "Please provide data parameter for this function to be able "
                "to determine polymorphic scenarios.".format(
                    table.name
                )
            )
        else:
            for cls in found_classes:
                mapper = sa.inspect(cls)
                polymorphic_on = mapper.polymorphic_on.name
                if polymorphic_on in data:
                    if data[polymorphic_on] == mapper.polymorphic_identity:
                        return cls
            raise ValueError(
                "Multiple declarative classes found for table '{0}'. Given "
                "data row does not match any polymorphic identity of the "
                "found classes.".format(
                    table.name
                )
            )
    elif found_classes:
        return found_classes.pop()
    return None


def get_type(expr):
    if hasattr(expr, 'type'):
        return expr.type
    elif isinstance(expr, InstrumentedAttribute):
        expr = expr.property

    if isinstance(expr, ColumnProperty):
        return expr.columns[0].type
    elif isinstance(expr, RelationshipProperty):
        return expr.mapper.class_
    raise TypeError("Couldn't inspect type.")


def cast_if(expression, type_):
    try:
        expr_type = get_type(expression)
    except TypeError:
        expr_type = expression
        check_type = type_().python_type
    else:
        check_type = type_

    return (
        sa.cast(expression, type_)
        if not isinstance(expr_type, check_type)
        else expression
    )


def get_column_key(model, column):
    mapper = sa.inspect(model)


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ColumnProperty examples ...


        return [mixed.table]
    elif isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.attributes.InstrumentedAttribute):
        return mixed.parent.tables
    elif isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.query._ColumnEntity):
        mixed = mixed.expr

    mapper = get_mapper(mixed)

    polymorphic_mappers = get_polymorphic_mappers(mapper)
    if polymorphic_mappers:
        tables = sum((m.tables for m in polymorphic_mappers), [])
    else:
        tables = mapper.tables
    return tables


def get_columns(mixed):
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.sql.selectable.Selectable):
        return mixed.c
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.util.AliasedClass):
        return sa.inspect(mixed).mapper.columns
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.orm.Mapper):
        return mixed.columns
    if isinstance(mixed, InstrumentedAttribute):
        return mixed.property.columns
    if isinstance(mixed, ColumnProperty):
        return mixed.columns
    if isinstance(mixed, sa.Column):
        return [mixed]
    if not isclass(mixed):
        mixed = mixed.__class__
    return sa.inspect(mixed).columns


def table_name(obj):
    class_ = getattr(obj, 'class_', obj)

    try:
        return class_.__tablename__
    except AttributeError:
        pass

    try:
        return class_.__table__.name
    except AttributeError:
        pass


def getattrs(obj, attrs):
    return map(partial(getattr, obj), attrs)


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ColumnProperty examples ...


def get_query_descriptor(query, entity, attr):
    if attr in query_labels(query):
        return attr
    else:
        entity = get_query_entity_by_alias(query, entity)
        if entity:
            descriptor = get_descriptor(entity, attr)
            if (
                hasattr(descriptor, 'property') and
                isinstance(descriptor.property, sa.orm.RelationshipProperty)
            ):
                return
            return descriptor


def get_descriptor(entity, attr):
    mapper = sa.inspect(entity)

    for key, descriptor in get_all_descriptors(mapper).items():
        if attr == key:
            prop = (
                descriptor.property
                if hasattr(descriptor, 'property')
                else None
            )
            if isinstance(prop, ColumnProperty):
                if isinstance(entity, sa.orm.util.AliasedClass):
                    for c in mapper.selectable.c:
                        if c.key == attr:
                            return c
                else:
                    return getattr(prop.parent.class_, attr)
            else:

                if isinstance(entity, sa.orm.util.AliasedClass):
                    return getattr(entity, attr)
                try:
                    return getattr(mapper.class_, attr)
                except AttributeError:
                    pass


def get_all_descriptors(expr):
    if isinstance(expr, sa.sql.selectable.Selectable):
        return expr.c
    insp = sa.inspect(expr)
    try:
        polymorphic_mappers = get_polymorphic_mappers(insp)
    except sa.exc.NoInspectionAvailable:
        return get_mapper(expr).all_orm_descriptors


## ... source file continues with no further ColumnProperty examples...

Example 2 from WTForms-Alchemy

wtforms-alchemy (documentation and PyPI package information) is a WTForms extension toolkit for easier creation of SQLAlchemy model based forms. While this project primarily focuses on proper form handling, it also has many good examples of how to use various parts of SQLAlchemy in its code base. The project is provided as open source under the MIT license.

WTForms-Alchemy / wtforms_alchemy / generator.py

# generator.py
import inspect
from collections import OrderedDict
from decimal import Decimal
from enum import Enum

import six
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import ColumnProperty
from sqlalchemy_utils import types
from wtforms import (
    BooleanField,
    Field,
    FloatField,
    PasswordField,
    TextAreaField
)
from wtforms.widgets import CheckboxInput, TextArea
from wtforms_components import (
    ColorField,
    DateField,
    DateIntervalField,
    DateTimeField,
    DateTimeIntervalField,
    DateTimeLocalField,
    DecimalField,
    DecimalIntervalField,
    EmailField,
    IntegerField,
    IntIntervalField,
    SelectField,
    StringField,
    TimeField


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ColumnProperty examples ...



    WIDGET_MAP = OrderedDict((
        (BooleanField, CheckboxInput),
        (ColorField, ColorInput),
        (DateField, DateInput),
        (DateTimeField, DateTimeInput),
        (DateTimeLocalField, DateTimeLocalInput),
        (DecimalField, NumberInput),
        (EmailField, EmailInput),
        (FloatField, NumberInput),
        (IntegerField, NumberInput),
        (TextAreaField, TextArea),
        (TimeField, TimeInput),
        (StringField, TextInput)
    ))

    def __init__(self, form_class):
        self.form_class = form_class
        self.model_class = self.form_class.Meta.model
        self.meta = self.form_class.Meta
        self.TYPE_MAP.update(self.form_class.Meta.type_map)

    def create_form(self, form):
        attrs = OrderedDict()
        for key, property_ in sa.inspect(self.model_class).attrs.items():
            if not isinstance(property_, ColumnProperty):
                continue
            if self.skip_column_property(property_):
                continue
            attrs[key] = property_

        for attr in translated_attributes(self.model_class):
            attrs[attr.key] = attr.property

        return self.create_fields(form, self.filter_attributes(attrs))

    def filter_attributes(self, attrs):
        if self.meta.only:
            attrs = OrderedDict([
                (key, prop)
                for key, prop in map(self.validate_attribute, self.meta.only)
                if key
            ])
        else:
            if self.meta.include:
                attrs.update([
                    (key, prop)
                    for key, prop
                    in map(self.validate_attribute, self.meta.include)
                    if key


## ... source file abbreviated to get to ColumnProperty examples ...



            if self.meta.exclude:
                for key in self.meta.exclude:
                    try:
                        del attrs[key]
                    except KeyError:
                        if self.meta.attr_errors:
                            raise InvalidAttributeException(key)
        return attrs

    def validate_attribute(self, attr_name):
        try:
            attr = getattr(self.model_class, attr_name)
        except AttributeError:
            try:
                translation_class = (
                    self.model_class.__translatable__['class']
                )
                attr = getattr(translation_class, attr_name)
            except AttributeError:
                if self.meta.attr_errors:
                    raise InvalidAttributeException(attr_name)
                else:
                    return None, None
        try:
            if not isinstance(attr.property, ColumnProperty):
                if self.meta.attr_errors:
                    raise InvalidAttributeException(attr_name)
                else:
                    return None, None
        except AttributeError:
            raise AttributeTypeException(attr_name)
        return attr_name, attr.property

    def create_fields(self, form, properties):
        for key, prop in properties.items():
            column = prop.columns[0]
            try:
                field = self.create_field(prop, column)
            except UnknownTypeException:
                if not self.meta.skip_unknown_types:
                    raise
                else:
                    continue

            if not hasattr(form, key):
                setattr(form, key, field)

    def skip_column_property(self, column_property):
        if column_property._is_polymorphic_discriminator:


## ... source file continues with no further ColumnProperty examples...
1. Introduction 2. Development Environments 3. Data 4. Web Development 5. Deployment 6. DevOps Changelog What Full Stack Means About the Author Future Directions Page Statuses SQLAlchemy ExtensionsSQLAlchemy Example CodeSQLAlchemy Modelssqlalchemy.databases mysqlsqlalchemy.dialects mssqlsqlalchemy.dialects mysqlsqlalchemy.dialects oraclesqlalchemy.schema DDLsqlalchemy.dialects postgresqlsqlalchemy.sql.expression Functionsqlalchemy.dialects sqlitesqlalchemy.dialects.mysql pymysqlsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql ARRAYsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql BIGINTsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql BITsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql DOUBLE_PRECISIONsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql ExcludeConstraintsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql INTEGERsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql JSONsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql TSVECTORsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql pypostgresqlsqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.base PGCompilersqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.base PGIdentifierPreparersqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.base PGTypeCompilersqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.psycopg2 PGDialect_psycopg2sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite pysqlitesqlalchemy.engine Connectionsqlalchemy.engine Enginesqlalchemy.engine create_enginesqlalchemy.engine defaultsqlalchemy.engine urlsqlalchemy.engine.default DefaultDialectsqlalchemy.engine.interfaces ExecutionContextsqlalchemy.engine.result ResultMetaDatasqlalchemy.engine.result RowProxysqlalchemy.engine.strategies EngineStrategysqlalchemy.engine.strategies MockEngineStrategysqlalchemy.engine.url make_urlsqlalchemy.events SchemaEventTargetsqlalchemy.exc ArgumentErrorsqlalchemy.exc DataErrorsqlalchemy.exc DatabaseErrorsqlalchemy.exc IntegrityErrorsqlalchemy.exc InvalidRequestErrorsqlalchemy.exc NoInspectionAvailablesqlalchemy.exc NoSuchTableErrorsqlalchemy.exc OperationalErrorsqlalchemy.exc ProgrammingErrorsqlalchemy.exc UnsupportedCompilationErrorsqlalchemy.ext compilersqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy AssociationProxysqlalchemy.ext.automap automap_basesqlalchemy.ext.compiler compilessqlalchemy.ext.declarative DeclarativeMetasqlalchemy.ext.declarative declarative_basesqlalchemy.ext.hybrid hybrid_methodsqlalchemy.ext.hybrid hybrid_propertysqlalchemy.ext.mutable Mutablesqlalchemy.inspection inspectsqlalchemy.orm ColumnPropertysqlalchemy.orm CompositePropertysqlalchemy.orm Loadsqlalchemy.orm Querysqlalchemy.orm RelationshipPropertysqlalchemy.orm SynonymPropertysqlalchemy.orm aliasedsqlalchemy.orm attributessqlalchemy.orm backrefsqlalchemy.orm class_mappersqlalchemy.orm column_propertysqlalchemy.orm compositesqlalchemy.orm interfacessqlalchemy.orm mappersqlalchemy.orm mapperlibsqlalchemy.orm object_mappersqlalchemy.orm object_sessionsqlalchemy.orm relationshipsqlalchemy.orm sessionsqlalchemy.orm sessionmakersqlalchemy.orm strategiessqlalchemy.orm.attributes InstrumentedAttributesqlalchemy.orm.attributes QueryableAttributesqlalchemy.orm.attributes flag_modifiedsqlalchemy.orm.collections InstrumentedListsqlalchemy.orm.exc NoResultFoundsqlalchemy.orm.exc UnmappedClassErrorsqlalchemy.orm.exc UnmappedInstanceErrorsqlalchemy.orm.interfaces MapperPropertysqlalchemy.orm.interfaces PropComparatorsqlalchemy.orm.mapper Mappersqlalchemy.orm.properties ColumnPropertysqlalchemy.orm.properties RelationshipPropertysqlalchemy.orm.query Querysqlalchemy.orm.query QueryContextsqlalchemy.orm.relationships RelationshipPropertysqlalchemy.orm.session Sessionsqlalchemy.orm.session object_sessionsqlalchemy.orm.util AliasedClasssqlalchemy.orm.util AliasedInspsqlalchemy.orm.util identity_keysqlalchemy.pool NullPoolsqlalchemy.pool StaticPoolsqlalchemy.schema CheckConstraintsqlalchemy.schema Columnsqlalchemy.schema CreateIndexsqlalchemy.schema CreateTablesqlalchemy.schema DDLElementsqlalchemy.schema ForeignKeysqlalchemy.schema ForeignKeyConstraintsqlalchemy.schema Indexsqlalchemy.schema PrimaryKeyConstraintsqlalchemy.schema Tablesqlalchemy.sql ClauseElementsqlalchemy.sql columnsqlalchemy.sql expressionsqlalchemy.sql extractsqlalchemy.sql functionssqlalchemy.sql operatorssqlalchemy.sql schemasqlalchemy.sql selectsqlalchemy.sql sqltypessqlalchemy.sql tablesqlalchemy.sql.compiler SQLCompilersqlalchemy.sql.elements ColumnElementsqlalchemy.sql.elements Labelsqlalchemy.sql.expression ClauseElementsqlalchemy.sql.expression ColumnClausesqlalchemy.sql.expression ColumnElementsqlalchemy.sql.expression Executablesqlalchemy.sql.expression FunctionElementsqlalchemy.sql.expression UnaryExpressionsqlalchemy.sql.functions FunctionElementsqlalchemy.sql.functions GenericFunctionsqlalchemy.sql.naming convsqlalchemy.sql.schema Columnsqlalchemy.sql.schema SchemaItemsqlalchemy.sql.sqltypes NullTypesqlalchemy.sql.util ClauseAdaptersqlalchemy.sql.visitors traversesqlalchemy.types Booleansqlalchemy.types Datesqlalchemy.types DateTimesqlalchemy.types Enumsqlalchemy.types Floatsqlalchemy.types Integersqlalchemy.types Intervalsqlalchemy.types NULLTYPEsqlalchemy.types Stringsqlalchemy.types Textsqlalchemy.types Timesqlalchemy.types TypeEnginesqlalchemy.types UserDefinedTypesqlalchemy.types to_instancesqlalchemy.util OrderedDictsqlalchemy.util OrderedSetsqlalchemy.util set_creation_ordersqlalchemy.util symbolsqlalchemy.util topologicalsqlalchemy.util.langhelpers public_factorysqlalchemy.util.langhelpers symbol ...or view the full table of contents.

Full Stack Python

Full Stack Python is an open book that explains concepts in plain language and provides helpful resources for those topics.
Updates via Twitter & Facebook.

Matt Makai 2012-2022