flask.json jsonify Example Code

jsonify is a function in Flask's flask.json module. jsonify serializes data to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format, wraps it in a Response object with the application/json mimetype.

Note that jsonify is sometimes imported directly from the flask module instead of from flask.json. It is the same function that is imported, but there are less characters to type when you leave off the .json part.

JSONEncoder is another callable from the flask.json package with code examples.

Example 1 from Flask AppBuilder

Flask-AppBuilder (documentation and example apps) is a web application generator that uses Flask to automatically create the code for database-driven applications based on parameters set by the user. The generated applications include default security settings, forms, and internationalization support.

Flask App Builder is provided under the BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license.

Flask AppBuilder / flask_appbuilder / security / decorators.py

# decorators.py
import functools
import logging

from flask import current_app, flash, jsonify, make_response, redirect, request, url_for
from flask_jwt_extended import verify_jwt_in_request
from flask_login import current_user

from .._compat import as_unicode
from ..const import (
    FLAMSG_ERR_SEC_ACCESS_DENIED,
    LOGMSG_ERR_SEC_ACCESS_DENIED,
    PERMISSION_PREFIX,
)

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def protect(allow_browser_login=False):

    def _protect(f):
        if hasattr(f, "_permission_name"):
            permission_str = f._permission_name
        else:
            permission_str = f.__name__

        def wraps(self, *args, **kwargs):
            permission_str = "{}{}".format(PERMISSION_PREFIX, f._permission_name)
            if self.method_permission_name:


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


    return functools.update_wrapper(wraps, f)


def has_access_api(f):
    if hasattr(f, "_permission_name"):
        permission_str = f._permission_name
    else:
        permission_str = f.__name__

    def wraps(self, *args, **kwargs):
        permission_str = "{}{}".format(PERMISSION_PREFIX, f._permission_name)
        if self.method_permission_name:
            _permission_name = self.method_permission_name.get(f.__name__)
            if _permission_name:
                permission_str = "{}{}".format(PERMISSION_PREFIX, _permission_name)
        if permission_str in self.base_permissions and self.appbuilder.sm.has_access(
            permission_str, self.class_permission_name
        ):
            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            log.warning(
                LOGMSG_ERR_SEC_ACCESS_DENIED.format(
                    permission_str, self.__class__.__name__
                )
            )
            response = make_response(
                jsonify(
                    {"message": str(FLAMSG_ERR_SEC_ACCESS_DENIED), "severity": "danger"}
                ),
                401,
            )
            response.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
            return response

    f._permission_name = permission_str
    return functools.update_wrapper(wraps, f)


def permission_name(name):

    def wraps(f):
        f._permission_name = name
        return f

    return wraps



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Example 2 from FlaskBB

FlaskBB (project website) is a Flask-based forum web application. The web app allows users to chat in an open message board or send private messages in plain text or Markdown.

FlaskBB is provided as open source under this license.

FlaskBB / flaskbb / management / views.py

# views.py
import logging
import sys

from celery import __version__ as celery_version
from flask import __version__ as flask_version
from flask import (Blueprint, current_app, flash, jsonify, redirect, request,
                   url_for)
from flask.views import MethodView
from flask_allows import Not, Permission
from flask_babelplus import gettext as _
from flask_login import current_user, login_fresh
from pluggy import HookimplMarker

from flaskbb import __version__ as flaskbb_version
from flaskbb.extensions import allows, celery, db
from flaskbb.forum.forms import UserSearchForm
from flaskbb.forum.models import Category, Forum, Post, Report, Topic
from flaskbb.management.forms import (AddForumForm, AddGroupForm, AddUserForm,
                                      CategoryForm, EditForumForm,
                                      EditGroupForm, EditUserForm)
from flaskbb.management.models import Setting, SettingsGroup
from flaskbb.plugins.models import PluginRegistry, PluginStore
from flaskbb.plugins.utils import validate_plugin
from flaskbb.user.models import Group, Guest, User
from flaskbb.utils.forms import populate_settings_dict, populate_settings_form
from flaskbb.utils.helpers import (get_online_users, register_view,
                                   render_template, redirect_or_next,
                                   time_diff, time_utcnow, FlashAndRedirect)
from flaskbb.utils.requirements import (CanBanUser, CanEditUser, IsAdmin,
                                        IsAtleastModerator,


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...



            flash(_('User updated.'), 'success')
            return redirect(url_for('management.edit_user', user_id=user.id))

        return render_template(
            'management/user_form.html', form=form, title=_('Edit User')
        )


class DeleteUser(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAdmin,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to manage users"),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def post(self, user_id=None):
        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )
            data = []
            for user in User.query.filter(User.id.in_(ids)).all():
                if current_user.id == user.id:
                    continue

                if user.delete():
                    data.append(
                        {
                            "id": user.id,
                            "type": "delete",
                            "reverse": False,
                            "reverse_name": None,
                            "reverse_url": None
                        }
                    )

            return jsonify(
                message=f"{len(data)} users deleted.",
                category="success",
                data=data,
                status=200
            )

        user = User.query.filter_by(id=user_id).first_or_404()

        if current_user.id == user.id:
            flash(_("You cannot delete yourself.", "danger"))
            return redirect(url_for("management.users"))

        user.delete()
        flash(_("User deleted."), "success")
        return redirect(url_for("management.users"))


class AddUser(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAdmin,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to manage users"),
                level="danger",


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...




class BanUser(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to manage users"),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def post(self, user_id=None):
        if not Permission(CanBanUser, identity=current_user):
            flash(
                _("You do not have the permissions to ban this user."),
                "danger"
            )
            return redirect(url_for("management.overview"))

        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )

            data = []
            users = User.query.filter(User.id.in_(ids)).all()
            for user in users:
                if (current_user.id == user.id or
                        Permission(IsAdmin, identity=user) and
                        Permission(Not(IsAdmin), current_user)):
                    continue

                elif user.ban():
                    data.append({
                        "id": user.id,
                        "type": "ban",
                        "reverse": "unban",
                        "reverse_name": _("Unban"),
                        "reverse_url": url_for("management.unban_user", user_id=user.id)
                    })

            return jsonify(
                message="{} users banned.".format(len(data)),
                category="success",
                data=data,
                status=200
            )

        user = User.query.filter_by(id=user_id).first_or_404()
        if Permission(IsAdmin, identity=user) and Permission(
                Not(IsAdmin), identity=current_user):
            flash(_("A moderator cannot ban an admin user."), "danger")
            return redirect(url_for("management.overview"))

        if not current_user.id == user.id and user.ban():
            flash(_("User is now banned."), "success")
        else:
            flash(_("Could not ban user."), "danger")

        return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.banned_users"))


class UnbanUser(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to manage users"),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )

        )
    ]

    def post(self, user_id=None):

        if not Permission(CanBanUser, identity=current_user):
            flash(
                _("You do not have the permissions to unban this user."),
                "danger"
            )
            return redirect(url_for("management.overview"))

        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )

            data = []
            for user in User.query.filter(User.id.in_(ids)).all():
                if user.unban():
                    data.append(
                        {
                            "id": user.id,
                            "type": "ban",
                            "reverse": "ban",
                            "reverse_name": _("Ban"),
                            "reverse_url": url_for("management.ban_user",
                                                   user_id=user.id)
                        }
                    )

            return jsonify(
                message=f"{len(data)} users unbanned.",
                category="success",
                data=data,
                status=200
            )

        user = User.query.filter_by(id=user_id).first_or_404()

        if user.unban():
            flash(_("User is now unbanned."), "success")
        else:
            flash(_("Could not unban user."), "danger")

        return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.users"))


class Groups(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAdmin,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to modify groups."),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...



            flash(_('Group updated.'), 'success')
            return redirect(url_for('management.groups', group_id=group.id))

        return render_template(
            'management/group_form.html', form=form, title=_('Edit Group')
        )


class DeleteGroup(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAdmin,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to modify groups."),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def post(self, group_id=None):
        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )

            if not (set(ids) & set(["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"])):
                data = []
                for group in Group.query.filter(Group.id.in_(ids)).all():
                    group.delete()
                    data.append(
                        {
                            "id": group.id,
                            "type": "delete",
                            "reverse": False,
                            "reverse_name": None,
                            "reverse_url": None
                        }
                    )

                return jsonify(
                    message="{} groups deleted.".format(len(data)),
                    category="success",
                    data=data,
                    status=200
                )
            return jsonify(
                message=_("You cannot delete one of the standard groups."),
                category="danger",
                data=None,
                status=404
            )

        if group_id is not None:
            if group_id <= 6:  # there are 6 standard groups
                flash(
                    _(
                        "You cannot delete the standard groups. "
                        "Try renaming it instead.", "danger"
                    )
                )
                return redirect(url_for("management.groups"))

            group = Group.query.filter_by(id=group_id).first_or_404()
            group.delete()
            flash(_("Group deleted."), "success")
            return redirect(url_for("management.groups"))

        flash(_("No group chosen."), "danger")
        return redirect(url_for("management.groups"))



## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


        reports = Report.query.\
            filter(Report.zapped == None).\
            order_by(Report.id.desc()).\
            paginate(page, flaskbb_config['USERS_PER_PAGE'], False)

        return render_template("management/reports.html", reports=reports)


class MarkReportRead(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to view reports."),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def post(self, report_id=None):

        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )
            data = []

            for report in Report.query.filter(Report.id.in_(ids)).all():
                report.zapped_by = current_user.id
                report.zapped = time_utcnow()
                report.save()
                data.append(
                    {
                        "id": report.id,
                        "type": "read",
                        "reverse": False,
                        "reverse_name": None,
                        "reverse_url": None
                    }
                )

            return jsonify(
                message="{} reports marked as read.".format(len(data)),
                category="success",
                data=data,
                status=200
            )

        if report_id:
            report = Report.query.filter_by(id=report_id).first_or_404()
            if report.zapped:
                flash(
                    _("Report %(id)s is already marked as read.", id=report.id),
                    "success"
                )
                return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.reports"))

            report.zapped_by = current_user.id
            report.zapped = time_utcnow()
            report.save()
            flash(_("Report %(id)s marked as read.", id=report.id), "success")
            return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.reports"))

        reports = Report.query.filter(Report.zapped == None).all()
        report_list = []
        for report in reports:


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


            report_list.append(report)

        db.session.add_all(report_list)
        db.session.commit()

        flash(_("All reports were marked as read."), "success")
        return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.reports"))


class DeleteReport(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to view reports."),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def post(self, report_id=None):
        if request.get_json() is not None:
            ids = request.get_json().get("ids")
            if not ids:
                return jsonify(
                    message="No ids provided.",
                    category="error",
                    status=404
                )

            data = []
            for report in Report.query.filter(Report.id.in_(ids)).all():
                if report.delete():
                    data.append(
                        {
                            "id": report.id,
                            "type": "delete",
                            "reverse": False,
                            "reverse_name": None,
                            "reverse_url": None
                        }
                    )

            return jsonify(
                message="{} reports deleted.".format(len(data)),
                category="success",
                data=data,
                status=200
            )

        report = Report.query.filter_by(id=report_id).first_or_404()
        report.delete()
        flash(_("Report deleted."), "success")
        return redirect_or_next(url_for("management.reports"))


class CeleryStatus(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to access the management settings"),  # noqa
                level="danger",
                endpoint="management.overview"
            )
        )
    ]

    def get(self):
        celery_inspect = celery.control.inspect()
        try:
            celery_running = True if celery_inspect.ping() else False
        except Exception:
            celery_running = False

        return jsonify(celery_running=celery_running, status=200)


class ManagementOverview(MethodView):
    decorators = [
        allows.requires(
            IsAtleastModerator,
            on_fail=FlashAndRedirect(
                message=_("You are not allowed to access the management panel"),
                level="danger",
                endpoint="forum.index"
            )
        )
    ]

    def get(self):
        banned_users = User.query.filter(
            Group.banned == True, Group.id == User.primary_group_id
        ).count()
        if not current_app.config["REDIS_ENABLED"]:
            online_users = User.query.filter(User.lastseen >= time_diff()
                                             ).count()
        else:
            online_users = len(get_online_users())



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Example 3 from Flask-Meld

Flask-Meld (PyPI package information) allows you to write your front end web code in your back end Python code. It does this by adding a {% meld_scripts %} tag to the Flask template engine and then inserting components written in Python scripts created by a developer.

Flask-Meld / flask_meld / component.py

# component.py
import os
import uuid
from importlib.util import module_from_spec, spec_from_file_location
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter

import orjson
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4.element import Tag
from bs4.formatter import HTMLFormatter
from flask import current_app, jsonify, render_template
from jinja2.exceptions import TemplateNotFound


def convert_to_snake_case(s):
    s.replace("-", "_")
    return s


def convert_to_camel_case(s):
    s = convert_to_snake_case(s)
    return "".join(word.title() for word in s.split("_"))


def get_component_class(component_name):
    module_name = convert_to_snake_case(component_name)
    class_name = convert_to_camel_case(module_name)
    module = get_component_module(module_name)
    component_class = getattr(module, class_name)

    return component_class


def get_component_module(module_name):
    user_specified_dir = current_app.config.get("MELD_COMPONENT_DIR", None)


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...



    def _render_template(self, template_name: str, context_variables: dict):
        try:
            return render_template(template_name, **context_variables)
        except TemplateNotFound:
            return render_template(f"meld/{template_name}", **context_variables)

    def _view(self, component_name: str):
        data = self._attributes()
        context = self.__context__()
        context_variables = {}
        context_variables.update(context["attributes"])
        context_variables.update(context["methods"])
        context_variables.update({"form": self._form})

        rendered_template = self._render_template(
            f"{component_name}.html", context_variables
        )

        soup = BeautifulSoup(rendered_template, features="html.parser")
        root_element = Component._get_root_element(soup)
        root_element["meld:id"] = str(self.id)
        self._set_values(root_element, context_variables)

        script = soup.new_tag("script", type="module")
        init = {"id": str(self.id), "name": component_name, "data": jsonify(data).json}
        init_json = orjson.dumps(init).decode("utf-8")

        meld_import = 'import {Meld} from "/meld_js_src/meld.js";'
        script.string = f"{meld_import} Meld.componentInit({init_json});"
        root_element.append(script)

        rendered_template = Component._desoupify(soup)

        return rendered_template

    def _set_values(self, soup, context_variables):
        for element in soup.select("input,select,textarea"):
            model_attrs = [
                attr for attr in element.attrs.keys() if attr.startswith("meld:model")
            ]
            if len(model_attrs) > 1:
                raise Exception(
                    "Multiple 'meld:model' attributes not allowed on one tag."
                )

            for model_attr in model_attrs:
                value = context_variables[element.attrs[model_attr]]
                element.attrs["value"] = value
                if element.name == "select":


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Example 4 from flaskSaaS

flaskSaas is a boilerplate starter project to build a software-as-a-service (SaaS) web application in Flask, with Stripe for billing. The boilerplate relies on many common Flask extensions such as Flask-WTF, Flask-Login, Flask-Admin, and many others. The project is provided as open source under the MIT license.

flaskSaaS / app / views / main.py

# main.py
from flask import render_template, jsonify
from app import app
import random


@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', title='Home')


@app.route('/map')
def map():
    return render_template('map.html', title='Map')


@app.route('/map/refresh', methods=['POST'])
def map_refresh():
    points = [(random.uniform(48.8434100, 48.8634100),
               random.uniform(2.3388000, 2.3588000))
              for _ in range(random.randint(2, 9))]
    return jsonify({'points': points})


@app.route('/contact')
def contact():
    return render_template('contact.html', title='Contact')



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Example 5 from Flask-SocketIO

Flask-SocketIO (PyPI package information, official tutorial and project documentation) is a code library by Miguel Grinberg that provides Socket.IO integration for Flask applications. This extension makes it easier to add bi-directional communications on the web via the WebSockets protocol.

The Flask-SocketIO project is open source under the MIT license.

Flask-SocketIO / example / sessions.py

# sessions.py
from flask import Flask, render_template, session, request, jsonify
from flask_login import LoginManager, UserMixin, current_user, login_user, \
    logout_user
from flask_session import Session
from flask_socketio import SocketIO, emit

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'top-secret!'
app.config['SESSION_TYPE'] = 'filesystem'
login = LoginManager(app)
Session(app)
socketio = SocketIO(app, manage_session=False)


class User(UserMixin, object):
    def __init__(self, id=None):
        self.id = id


@login.user_loader
def load_user(id):
    return User(id)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('sessions.html')


@app.route('/session', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def session_access():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return jsonify({
            'session': session.get('value', ''),
            'user': current_user.id
                if current_user.is_authenticated else 'anonymous'
        })
    data = request.get_json()
    if 'session' in data:
        session['value'] = data['session']
    elif 'user' in data:
        if data['user']:
            login_user(User(data['user']))
        else:
            logout_user()
    return '', 204


@socketio.on('get-session')
def get_session():
    emit('refresh-session', {
        'session': session.get('value', ''),
        'user': current_user.id
            if current_user.is_authenticated else 'anonymous'
    })




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Example 6 from Datadog Flask Example App

The Datadog Flask example app contains many examples of the Flask core functions available to a developer using the web framework.

Datadog Flask Example App / python/flask/app / app.py

# app.py
from ddtrace import patch_all; patch_all(flask=True, requests=True)  # noqa

from ddtrace import tracer

from flask import Flask, Response
from flask import after_this_request
from flask import abort, jsonify, render_template, url_for
from flask.views import View
from werkzeug.routing import Rule

from flask_caching import Cache
from flask_cors import CORS

import requests

from .blueprint import bp
from .exceptions import AppException
from .limiter import limiter
from .signals import connect_signals

app = Flask(__name__)

app.register_blueprint(bp)

connect_signals(app)

CORS(app)
Cache(app, config=dict(CACHE_TYPE='simple'))
limiter.init_app(app)




## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


                'Endpoint to fetch a simple .txt static file.',
            ],
            links=[
                dict(label='GET /static/test.txt', url=url_for('static', filename='test.txt')),
            ],
        ),
    ]
    return render_template('index.jinja2', routes=routes)


@app.route('/joke')
def joke():
    res = requests.get('https://icanhazdadjoke.com/', headers=dict(Accept='text/plain'))
    res.raise_for_status()

    @after_this_request
    def after_joke(response):
        print('Hook: after_this_request')
        return response

    return res.content


@app.route('/json')
def json():
    return jsonify(hello='world')


app.url_map.add(Rule('/custom-endpoint/', endpoint='custom-endpoint', defaults=dict(msg='Hello')))
app.url_map.add(Rule('/custom-endpoint/<msg>', endpoint='custom-endpoint'))

@app.endpoint('custom-endpoint')
@tracer.wrap('my-custom-endpoint')
def custom_endpoint(msg):
    with tracer.trace('my-custom-endpoint.respond'):
        return msg


@app.route('/custom-error')
def custom_error():
    raise AppException('custom app exception')


@app.route('/stream')
def stream():
    def generate():
        for i in range(100):
            yield '{}\n'.format(i)

    return Response(generate(), mimetype='text/plain')


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Example 7 from indico

indico (project website, documentation and sandbox demo) is a Flask-based web app for event management. The code is open sourced under the MIT license.

indico / indico / web / util.py

# util.py

import hashlib
import sys
from datetime import datetime

import sentry_sdk
from authlib.oauth2 import OAuth2Error
from flask import flash, g, has_request_context, jsonify, render_template, request, session
from itsdangerous import Signer
from markupsafe import Markup
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, Forbidden, ImATeapot
from werkzeug.urls import url_decode, url_encode, url_parse, url_unparse

from indico.util.caching import memoize_request
from indico.util.i18n import _
from indico.web.flask.templating import get_template_module


def inject_js(js):
    if 'injected_js' not in g:
        g.injected_js = []
    g.injected_js.append(Markup(js))


def _pop_injected_js():
    js = None
    if 'injected_js' in g:
        js = g.injected_js
        del g.injected_js
    return js


def jsonify_form(form, fields=None, submit=None, back=None, back_url=None, back_button=True, disabled_until_change=True,
                 disabled_fields=(), form_header_kwargs=None, skip_labels=False, save_reminder=False,
                 footer_align_right=False, disable_if_locked=True, message=None):
    if submit is None:
        submit = _('Save')
    if back is None:
        back = _('Cancel')
    if form_header_kwargs is None:
        form_header_kwargs = {}
    tpl = get_template_module('forms/_form.html')
    html = tpl.simple_form(form, fields=fields, submit=submit, back=back, back_url=back_url, back_button=back_button,
                           disabled_until_change=disabled_until_change, disabled_fields=disabled_fields,
                           form_header_kwargs=form_header_kwargs, skip_labels=skip_labels, save_reminder=save_reminder,
                           footer_align_right=footer_align_right, disable_if_locked=disable_if_locked, message=message)
    return jsonify(html=html, js=_pop_injected_js())


def jsonify_template(template, _render_func=render_template, _success=None, **context):
    html = _render_func(template, **context)
    jsonify_kw = {}
    if _success is not None:
        jsonify_kw['success'] = _success
    return jsonify(html=html, js=_pop_injected_js(), **jsonify_kw)


def jsonify_data(flash=True, **json_data):
    json_data.setdefault('success', True)
    if flash:
        json_data['flashed_messages'] = render_template('flashed_messages.html')
    return jsonify(**json_data)


class ExpectedError(ImATeapot):
    def __init__(self, message, **data):
        super().__init__(message or 'Something went wrong')
        self.data = dict(data, message=message)


def _format_request_data(data, hide_passwords=False):
    if not hasattr(data, 'lists'):
        data = ((k, [v]) for k, v in data.items())
    else:
        data = data.lists()
    rv = {}
    for key, values in data:
        if hide_passwords and 'password' in key:
            values = [v if not v else f'<{len(v)} chars hidden>' for v in values]
        rv[key] = values if len(values) != 1 else values[0]
    return rv


def get_request_info(hide_passwords=True):
    if not has_request_context():
        return None


## ... source file continues with no further jsonify examples...

Example 8 from keras-flask-deploy-webapp

The keras-flask-deploy-webapp project combines the Flask web framework with the Keras deep learning library to provide an example image classifier that is easy to deploy. The application can be quckly run in a Docker container on your local development environment. The project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0.

keras-flask-deploy-webapp / app.py

# app.py
import os
import sys

from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, request, render_template, Response, jsonify, redirect
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServer

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras

from tensorflow.keras.applications.imagenet_utils import preprocess_input, decode_predictions
from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import image

import numpy as np
from util import base64_to_pil


app = Flask(__name__)



from tensorflow.keras.applications.mobilenet_v2 import MobileNetV2
model = MobileNetV2(weights='imagenet')

print('Model loaded. Check http://127.0.0.1:5000/')




## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


    x = preprocess_input(x, mode='tf')

    preds = model.predict(x)
    return preds


@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/predict', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def predict():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        img = base64_to_pil(request.json)


        preds = model_predict(img, model)

        pred_proba = "{:.3f}".format(np.amax(preds))    # Max probability
        pred_class = decode_predictions(preds, top=1)   # ImageNet Decode

        result = str(pred_class[0][0][1])               # Convert to string
        result = result.replace('_', ' ').capitalize()

        return jsonify(result=result, probability=pred_proba)

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':

    http_server = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 5000), app)
    http_server.serve_forever()



## ... source file continues with no further jsonify examples...

Example 9 from sandman2

sandman2 (project documentation and PyPI package information) is a code library for automatically generating RESTful APIs from existing database schemas. This approach is handy for solving straightforward situations where you want to put an abstraction layer between one or more applications and your relational database to prevent or reduce direct database access.

The sandman2 project is provided under the Apache License 2.0.

sandman2 / sandman2 / service.py

# service.py

from flask import request, make_response
import flask
from flask.views import MethodView
from sqlalchemy import asc, desc

from sandman2.exception import NotFoundException, BadRequestException
from sandman2.model import db
from sandman2.decorators import etag, validate_fields


def add_link_headers(response, links):
    link_string = '<{}>; rel=self'.format(links['self'])
    for link in links.values():
        link_string += ', <{}>; rel=related'.format(link)
    response.headers['Link'] = link_string
    return response


def jsonify(resource):

    response = flask.jsonify(resource.to_dict())
    response = add_link_headers(response, resource.links())
    return response


def is_valid_method(model, resource=None):
    validation_function_name = 'is_valid_{}'.format(
        request.method.lower())
    if hasattr(model, validation_function_name):
        return getattr(model, validation_function_name)(request, resource)

class Service(MethodView):


    __model__ = None

    __json_collection_name__ = 'resources'

    def delete(self, resource_id):
        resource = self._resource(resource_id)
        error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__, resource)
        if error_message:
            raise BadRequestException(error_message)
        db.session().delete(resource)
        db.session().commit()
        return self._no_content_response()

    @etag
    def get(self, resource_id=None):
        if request.path.endswith('meta'):
            return self._meta()

        if resource_id is None:
            error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__)
            if error_message:
                raise BadRequestException(error_message)

            if 'export' in request.args: 
                return self._export(self._all_resources())

            return flask.jsonify({
                self.__json_collection_name__: self._all_resources()
                })
        else:
            resource = self._resource(resource_id)
            error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__, resource)
            if error_message:
                raise BadRequestException(error_message)
            return jsonify(resource)

    def patch(self, resource_id):
        resource = self._resource(resource_id)
        error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__, resource)
        if error_message:
            raise BadRequestException(error_message)
        if not request.json:
            raise BadRequestException('No JSON data received')
        resource.update(request.json)
        db.session().merge(resource)
        db.session().commit()
        return jsonify(resource)

    @validate_fields
    def post(self):
        resource = self.__model__.query.filter_by(**request.json).first()


## ... source file abbreviated to get to jsonify examples ...


            raise BadRequestException(error_message)
        db.session().add(resource)
        db.session().commit()
        return self._created_response(resource)

    def put(self, resource_id):
        resource = self.__model__.query.get(resource_id)
        if resource:
            error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__, resource)
            if error_message:
                raise BadRequestException(error_message)
            resource.update(request.json)
            db.session().merge(resource)
            db.session().commit()
            return jsonify(resource)

        resource = self.__model__(**request.json)  # pylint: disable=not-callable
        error_message = is_valid_method(self.__model__, resource)
        if error_message:
            raise BadRequestException(error_message)
        db.session().add(resource)
        db.session().commit()
        return self._created_response(resource)

    def _meta(self):
        return flask.jsonify(self.__model__.description())

    def _resource(self, resource_id):
        resource = self.__model__.query.get(resource_id)
        if not resource:
            raise NotFoundException()
        return resource

    def _all_resources(self):
        queryset = self.__model__.query
        args = {k: v for (k, v) in request.args.items() if k not in ('page', 'export')}
        limit = None
        if args:
            filters = []
            order = []
            for key, value in args.items():
                if value.startswith('%'):
                    filters.append(getattr(self.__model__, key).like(str(value), escape='/'))
                elif key == 'sort':
                    direction = desc if value.startswith('-') else asc
                    order.append(direction(getattr(self.__model__, value.lstrip('-'))))
                elif key == 'limit':
                    limit = int(value)
                elif hasattr(self.__model__, key):
                    filters.append(getattr(self.__model__, key) == value)


## ... source file continues with no further jsonify examples...

Example 10 from tedivms-flask

tedivm's flask starter app is a base of Flask code and related projects such as Celery which provides a template to start your own Flask web app. The project comes baked with an admin panel, API authentication and authorization, SQLAlchemy and many other common libraries that are often used with Flask.

The project's code is provided as open source under the BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" license.

tedivms-flask / app / views / apis.py

# apis.py

from flask import Blueprint, redirect
from flask import request, url_for, jsonify, current_app

from app import db
from app.models import user_models
from app.utils.api import roles_accepted_api
from app.extensions.ldap import authenticate

import uuid

api_blueprint = Blueprint('api', __name__, template_folder='templates')

@api_blueprint.route('/api/credentials', methods=['POST'])
def api_create_credentials():
    username = request.form['username']
    password = request.form['password']
    label = request.form.get('label', None)
    user = user_models.User.query.filter(user_models.User.email == username).first()
    if not user:
        user = user_models.User.query.filter(user_models.User.username == username).first()
        if not user:
            abort(400)

    if current_app.config.get('USER_LDAP', False):
        if not authenticate(username, password):
            abort(401)
    else:
        if not current_app.user_manager.verify_password(password, user.password):
            abort(401)

    id = uuid.uuid4().hex[0:12]
    key = uuid.uuid4().hex
    hash = current_app.user_manager.hash_password(key)
    new_key = user_models.ApiKey(id=id, hash=hash, user_id=user.id, label=label)
    db.session.add(new_key)
    db.session.commit()

    return jsonify({'id': id,'key': key})



## ... source file continues with no further jsonify examples...

Full Stack Python

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